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The factors determining the initial polarization of the immune response remain largely unresolved, although the cytokine environment at the time of antigen presentation clearly plays an essential role. Interleukin (IL)\u201012, a cytokine produced mainly by macrophages, dendritic cells, and other monocytes has been shown to be important in driving a strong Th1 response by stimulating the production of interferon (IFN)\u2010\u03b3 from natural killer and Th0 cells and therefore forms a link between the innate and adaptive immune system. IL\u201012 has been shown to play an important role in resistance to a number of intracellular pathogens, including <jats:italic>Listeria<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Leishmania.<\/jats:italic> It has also been proposed as an anti\u2010tumor agent and for use in the treatment of HIV. Conversely, IL\u201012 has been shown to prolong the survival of <jats:italic>Nippostrongylus brasiliensis<\/jats:italic> and to accelerate autoimmunity. Our studies demonstrate that by driving a strong Th1 response, IL\u201012 promotes chronic <jats:italic>T. muris<\/jats:italic> infection when given to normally resistant BALB\/K mice. Parasite\u2010specific IgG2a, a Th1 parameter of infection, was greatly up\u2010regulated, whereas some Th2 parameters of infection were down\u2010regulated. IL\u201012 treatment could be delayed until 1 week after infection had started and still promote a strong Th1 response. The actions of IL\u201012 in promoting a chronic infection were IFN\u2010\u03b3 dependent as an anti\u2010IFN\u2010\u03b3 mAb abrogated the effects of IL\u201012.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830270410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,2]],"date-time":"2007-03-02T04:32:40Z","timestamp":1172809960000},"page":"866-870","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Interleukin\u201012 promotes a chronic intestinal nematode infection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Allison J.","family":"Bancroft","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathryn J.","family":"Else","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph P.","family":"Sypek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard K.","family":"Grencis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"508","volume":"72","author":"Else K. 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