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To identify the chemotactic signals attracting the cells to the site of infection in the meninges, we measured the levels of two CXC chemokines, interferon\u2010\u03b3 (IFN\u2010\u03b3) inducible protein (IP)\u201010 and monokine induced by IFN\u2010\u03b3, four CC chemokines, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)\u20101, RANTES, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)\u20101\u03b1 and MIP\u20101\u03b2, as well as the cytokines interleukin (IL)\u201015 and IL\u201016 in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients suffering from viral meningitis. The results point to an involvement of two chemokines, MCP\u20101 and IP\u201010, since (1) unlike the other cytokines, MCP\u20101 and IP\u201010 were present in 97 % and 79 % of the CSF, respectively, at concentrations sufficient to induce chemotaxis of mononuclear cells; (2) more than 90 % of the CSF of viral meningitis induced chemotaxis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and all of them induced chemotaxis of activated T cells, and (3) the CSF\u2010mediated chemotaxis of PBMC was inhibited by anti\u2010MCP\u20101 antibodies and chemotaxis of activated T cells was abolished by the combination of anti\u2010MCP\u20101 and anti\u2010IP\u201010 antibodies. Our data provide evidence that MCP\u20101 and IP\u201010 lead to accumulation of activated T cells and monocytes in the CSF compartment in viral meningitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830271004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,2]],"date-time":"2007-03-02T04:08:42Z","timestamp":1172808522000},"page":"2484-2489","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Chemotactic activity on mononuclear cells in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with viral meningitis is mediated by interferon\u2010\u03b3 inducible protein\u201010 and monocyte chemotactic protein\u20101"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Fritz","family":"Lahrtz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Piali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Nadal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans\u2010Walter","family":"Pfister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina\u2010Susanne","family":"Spanaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Baggiolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriano","family":"Fontana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"7","volume-title":"Infections of the central nervous system","author":"Schlitt M.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.272.5258.60"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80114-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2776(08)60509-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.3.14.2687068"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.09.040191.003153"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0923-2516(96)80227-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","first-page":"17","volume":"12","author":"Miller M. 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