{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T11:25:38Z","timestamp":1789730738337,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,5]],"date-time":"2005-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1133740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2956,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)\u2010\u03b1 and platelet\u2010activating factor (PAF) are important mediators of inflammatory reactions, and their release is controlled by a positive feedback network. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying the interaction of these two molecules are unknown. Within 10 min of the injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into C57BL\/6 mice, effects inducible by PAF such as anaphylactic shock\u2010like symptoms, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and hemorrhage in renal medullae were observed, and all these pathological changes were prevented by the PAF antagonist, BN 50739. The plasma level of PAF after LPS injection reached a peak at 5 min. TNF\u2010\u03b1 gene expression was evident 20 min after LPS injection and was maximal at 40 min, and the level of serum TNF\u2010\u03b1 reached a peak at 1 h. Pretreatment with BN 50739 inhibited LPS\u2010induced TNF\u2010\u03b1 gene expression and protein synthesis in a dose\u2010dependent manner. Injection of PAF or treatment of the macrophage cell line, J774A.1, with PAF activated the transcription factor, nuclear factor (NF)\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>x<\/jats:italic>\n                    B, which is essential for inducible TNF\u2010\u03b1 transcription. The activation of NF\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>x<\/jats:italic>\n                    B by PAF preceded the LPS\u2010mediated TNF\u2010\u03b1 gene expression. Pretreatment with BN 50739 inhibited LPS\u2010induced mobilization of NF\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>x<\/jats:italic>\n                    B in a dose\u2010dependent manner\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    as well as\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    . These data suggest that PAF, which is released immediately or shortly after LPS injection, induces the expression of TNF\u2010\u03b1 through the activation of NF\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>x<\/jats:italic>\n                    B.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830271109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,1]],"date-time":"2007-03-01T23:06:15Z","timestamp":1172790375000},"page":"2800-2804","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Involvement of nuclear factor\u2010\n                    <i>x<\/i>\n                    B in platelet\u2010activating factor\u2010mediated tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 expression"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Suhn Young","family":"Im","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su Ji","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun Mi","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung Hwa","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soon Bai","family":"Chun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong Geun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tai You","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hern\u2010Ku","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198702123160705"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.me.39.020188.000451"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(93)90212-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0171-2985(11)80340-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/161.6.1148"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2938","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.136.8.2938","volume":"136","author":"Aderka D.","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. 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