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Studies using passive T cell transfers show that co\u2010injection of CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells greatly reduces the Th2\u2010driven lung eosinophilia caused by G\u2010specific CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells. By contrast, vaccination with the fusion protein (F) induces both CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells, but not lung eosinophilia during RSV infection. These observations suggest that CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells play a crucial role in preventing Th2\u2010driven pathology. We therefore depleted mice with anti\u2010CD8 antibodies <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. This treatment allowed lung eosinophilia to develop in F\u2010primed mice. Depletion of interferon (IFN)\u2010\u03b3 had a similar effect, suggesting that secretion of this cytokine is the mechanism by which CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells exert their effect. To test whether similar effects occurred in other strains of mice, RSV\u2010infected C57BL\/6 mice (which do not develop eosinophilia after sensitization to G) were treated with anti\u2010IFN\u2010\u03b3. Again, these mice developed eosinophilia. In this strain, genetic deletion of CD8\u2010\u03b1, \u03b22\u2010microglobulin or genes coding for the transporter associated with antigen presentation (which in each case eliminates CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells) caused lung eosinophilia during RSV infection. These studies show the critical roles that CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells and IFN\u2010\u03b3 production play in regulating Th2\u2010driven eosinophilia and provide a unifying explanation for previous studies of lung eosinophilia. We propose that vaccines designed to enhance CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cell recognition might avoid disease caused by CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> Th2 cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830271233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,2]],"date-time":"2007-03-02T03:59:58Z","timestamp":1172807998000},"page":"3341-3349","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":178,"title":["CD8<sup>+<\/sup> T cells control Th2\u2010driven pathology during pulmonary respiratory syncytial virus infection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Tracy","family":"Hussell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Baldwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"O'Garra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter J. 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