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We investigated the expression of the CpG receptor, Toll\u2010like receptor\u20049 (TLR9), in humantonsil B\u2004cells, and determined functional responses following stimulation by a well\u2010characterized stimulatory CpG\u2010containing ODN sequence in the human immune system, ODN\u20042006. Tonsil B\u2004cells were found to express high amounts of TLR9 mRNA and protein, and exposure of B\u2004cells to CpG\u2010ODN but not to an inactive control ODN induced a concentration\u2010 and time\u2010dependent up\u2010regulation of the activation markers CD23, CD25, CD40, CD54, CD80, CD86 and HLA\u2010DR. However, significant induction of proliferation and the release of IL\u20106, IL\u201010, IgG and IgM were only noted when B\u2004cells were co\u2010incubated with irradiated CD40L\u2010expressing CHO cells. Endogenous IL\u201010 was identified as a critical mediator of Ig production, whereas all activating effects were independent of IL\u20106. Further, CpG\u2010ODN counteracted IgE production induced by IL\u20104. Collectively, these findings suggest a synergistic role of the TLR9\/CD40 system and a critical role for the immunomodulatory cytokine IL\u201010 in the orchestration of CpG\u2010ODN\u2010induced responses in B\u2004lymphocytes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200323444","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,27]],"date-time":"2003-05-27T16:03:22Z","timestamp":1054051402000},"page":"1576-1585","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["CD40\u2010dependent and \u2010independent activation of human tonsil B\u2004cells by CpG oligodeoxynucleotides"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Florian","family":"Gantner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrice","family":"Hermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kosuke","family":"Nakashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoko","family":"Matsukawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsuya","family":"Sakai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin\u2004B.","family":"Bacon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_2","first-page":"45","article-title":"DNA vaccines: capacity to induce auto\u2010immunity and tolerance.","volume":"104","author":"Klinman D. 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