{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T09:10:32Z","timestamp":1790845832953,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,7]],"date-time":"2003-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1052265600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Stimulation of Toll\u2010like receptors (TLR) by pathogen\u2010derived compounds leads to activation of APC, facilitating the induction of protective immunity. This phenomenon is the basis of most adjuvant formulations currently in development. Here, we tested the ability of TLR2, 3, 4, 5, 7 and 9 signaling to enhance CTL responses upon vaccination with virus\u2010like particles. Stimulation of TLR2 and 4 failed to increase CTL responses, whereas ligands for TLR3, 5 and 7 exhibited moderate adjuvant function. In contrast, stimulation of TLR9 dramatically increased CTL responses, indicating that ligands for TLR9 are likely to be the most promising candidates for the development of novel adjuvant formulations for stimulating CTL responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200323919","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,27]],"date-time":"2003-05-27T12:03:22Z","timestamp":1054037002000},"page":"1465-1470","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":130,"title":["Role of Toll\u2010like receptors in costimulating cytotoxic T cell responses"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Katrin","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tazio","family":"Storni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vania","family":"Manolova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnaud","family":"Didierlaurent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean\u2010Claude","family":"Sirard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"R\u00f6thlisberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin\u2004F.","family":"Bachmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/SQB.1989.054.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/15058"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5791","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.11.5791","article-title":"Immune responses in the absence of costimulation: viruses know the trick.","volume":"161","author":"Bachmann M. 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