{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T16:23:46Z","timestamp":1791822226494,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,26]],"date-time":"2004-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1075075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Psoriasis vulgaris, a type\u20101 cytokine\u2010mediated chronic skin disease, can be treated successfully with fumaric acid esters (FAE). Beneficial effects of this medication coincided with decreased production of IFN\u2010\u03b3. Since dendritic cells (DC) regulate the differentiation of T helper (Th) cells, this study focussed on effects of monomethylfumarate (MMF, bioactive metabolite of FAE) on polarization of monocyte\u2010derived DC. MMF\u2010incubated, lipo\u2010polysaccharide\u2010stimulated DC (MMF\u2010DC) produced dramatically (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05) reduced levels of IL\u201012p70 and IL\u201010 (8\u00b14% and 20\u00b14%, respectively) compared to control DC. MMF\u2010DC were mature. MMF affected polarization of DC irrespective of polarization factor(s) and ligands for the various Toll\u2010like receptors used. Coculture of MMF\u2010DC with naive and primed allogenous Th cells resulted in lymphocytes producing less IFN\u2010\u03b3, <jats:italic>i.e.<\/jats:italic> 59% and 54% of that by the respective Th cells cocultured with control DC. IL\u20104 production by primed, but not naive Th cells cocultured with MMF\u2010DC was decreased as compared to cocultures with control DC. IL\u201010 production by naive and primed Th cells cocultured with MMF\u2010DC and control DC did not differ. In addition, MMF inhibited LPS\u2010induced NF\u2010\u03baB activation in DC. Together, beneficial effects of FAE in psoriasis involve modulation of DC polarization by MMF such that these cells down\u2010regulate IFN\u2010\u03b3 production by Th cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200324174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,4]],"date-time":"2004-02-04T12:00:38Z","timestamp":1075896038000},"page":"565-575","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Monomethylfumarate affects polarization of monocyte\u2010derived dendritic cells resulting in down\u2010regulated Th1 lymphocyte responses"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Nicolle\u2004H.\u2004R.","family":"Litjens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirjam","family":"Rademaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bep","family":"Ravensbergen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Delphine","family":"Rea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariena\u2004J.\u2004A.","family":"van der Plas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Thio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Walding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaap\u2004T.","family":"van Dissel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter\u2004H.","family":"Nibbering","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117308"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","first-page":"291","article-title":"Which T cells cause psoriasis?","volume":"24","author":"Prinz J. 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