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Under similar conditions, CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2004cells depleted <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD25<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2004cells proliferate extensively. The CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD25<jats:sup>\u2013<\/jats:sup> T\u2004cell reactivity depends on MHC class\u2004II presentation, specific TCR stimulation, CD4 ligation, and antigen processing by antigen\u2010presenting cells. The CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD25<jats:sup>\u2013<\/jats:sup> T\u2004cells respond to autologousand heterologous enterobacterial antigens, but not to antigens from the feces of germ\u2010free mice. Surprisingly, CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD25<jats:sup>\u2013<\/jats:sup> T\u2004cells obtained from the GALT of germ\u2010free mice also proliferate when exposed to enterobacterial antigens, and adding back the conventional or germ\u2010free CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD25<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2004cells to the enteroantigen\u2010stimulated CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD25<jats:sup>\u2013<\/jats:sup> T\u2004cells abolishes proliferation. As judged from carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester\u2010labeling experiments, 4\u20135% of the CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD25<jats:sup>\u2013<\/jats:sup> T\u2004cells respond to enteroantigen. The data show for the first time that CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD25<jats:sup>\u2013<\/jats:sup> T\u2004cells with reactivity towards the enterobacterial flora and regulatory CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD25<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2004cells are present in both conventional and germ\u2010free mice. The data suggest that a significant proportion of the peripheral pool of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD25<jats:sup>\u2013<\/jats:sup> T\u2004cells express anti\u2010enterobacterial reactivity, which, due to the presence of regulatory CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD25<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2004cells, is kept in a quiescent state.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200324394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,26]],"date-time":"2004-02-26T20:25:09Z","timestamp":1077827109000},"page":"695-704","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Demonstration of strong enterobacterial reactivity of CD4<sup>+<\/sup>CD25<sup>\u2013<\/sup> T\u2004cells from conventional and germ\u2010free mice which is counter\u2010regulated by CD4<sup>+<\/sup>CD25<sup>+<\/sup> T\u2004cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Monika","family":"Gad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anders\u2004Elm","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nanna\u2004N.","family":"Kristensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mogens\u2004H.","family":"Claesson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_2","first-page":"19","article-title":"Mucosal microbiota. 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