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Using a mouse model of allergic pulmonary inflammation, we report that treatment with an ubiquitous saprophytic mycobacterium, <jats:italic>Mycobacterium vaccae<\/jats:italic>, significantly reduces allergic inflammation by decreasing type 2 responses such as eosinophilia and IL\u20104 expression. Rather than observing an increase in type\u20101 cytokine expression, we found elevated production of IL\u201010 in the lungs suggesting a role for regulatory T cells. Since induction of these cells may be dependent on APC, we investigated the effects of <jats:italic>M. vaccae<\/jats:italic> treatment on pulmonary CD11c<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells. Increased levels of IL\u201010, TGF\u2010\u03b2 and IFN\u2010\u03b1 mRNA were detected in CD11c<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells from <jats:italic>M. vaccae<\/jats:italic>\u2010treated allergic mice. We propose that <jats:italic>M. vaccae<\/jats:italic>\u2010induced CD11c<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells have a potential regulatory role at the site of inflammation through their secretion of immunomodulatory cytokines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200324659","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,26]],"date-time":"2004-02-26T20:25:09Z","timestamp":1077827109000},"page":"631-638","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["<i>Mycobacterium vaccae<\/i> induces a population of pulmonary CD11c<sup>+<\/sup> cells with regulatory potential in allergic mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Victoria\u2004C.","family":"Adams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jon\u2004R.\u2004F.","family":"Hunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Martinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Graham\u2004A.\u2004W.","family":"Rook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura\u2004Rosa","family":"Brunet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni0802-715"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra020100"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04067-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","first-page":"144","article-title":"Give us this day our daily germs.","volume":"49","author":"Rook G. 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