{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T22:46:29Z","timestamp":1777589189711,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,23]],"date-time":"2004-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1082678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>It has been shown that a relatively high dose of tributyltin (TBT), which is recognized as a particularly notable environmental pollutant, exerts immunotoxic effects such as thymic atrophy viainduction of T cell apoptosis. However, the effect of low doses of TBT on the immune responses remains unknown. Here we show that environmentally relevant doses of TBT promoted strong Th2 polarization via suppression and augmentation of Th1 and Th2 development, respectively, from naive CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells primed with anti\u2010CD3 and splenic antigen\u2010presenting cells (APC). TBT\u2010induced Th2 polarization was indirect, working through APC via suppression of IL\u201012 production by macrophages\/DC and the augmentation of IL\u201010 production by B cells. Th2 polarization was also induced in mice treatedwith TBT and immunized with OVA or infected with <jats:italic>Nippostrongylus brasiliensis<\/jats:italic>. Furthermore, airway inflammation in mice sensitized and challenged with OVA was exacerbated by the administration of TBT with concomitant augmentation of Th2\u2010type immunity. Our results highlight the fact that an important environmental pollutant TBT may present significant risk for the induction of allergic diseases via promotion of Th2 polarization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200324667","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,23]],"date-time":"2004-04-23T07:00:58Z","timestamp":1082703658000},"page":"1312-1321","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Environmental pollutant tributyltin promotes Th2 polarization and exacerbates airway inflammation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Takuma","family":"Kato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryuichi","family":"Uchikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minoru","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Arizono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saeko","family":"Oikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shosuke","family":"Kawanishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akiyoshi","family":"Nishio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Nakase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kagemasa","family":"Kuribayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/383787a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","first-page":"275","article-title":"Cytokines induce the development of functionally heterogenous T helper cell subsets.","volume":"8","author":"O'Garra A.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4284","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.8.4284","article-title":"Dendritic cell\u2010derived IL\u201012 promotes B cell induction of Th2 differentiation: a feedback regulation of Th1 development.","volume":"163","author":"Skok J.","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. 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