{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,30]],"date-time":"2025-03-30T22:42:55Z","timestamp":1743374575465},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,30]],"date-time":"2004-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1096502400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previous studies on CTL responses in HIV\u2010exposed uninfected individuals assumed that the patients were exposed to replicating HIV, but the possibility that the immune responses detected were primed by exposure to a defective virus or viral antigen could not be excluded. Epidemiological and laboratory analysis of a nosocomial outbreak of acute hepatitis B unequivocally allowed the identification of an HIV\u20101\u2010 and HBV\u2010co\u2010infected patient with high plasma levels of both viruses, as the source case of the epidemics. This clinical setting provided a natural model for testing the HIV\u2010specific T cell response in patients exposed to blood from a patient with highly replicating HIV. Parenteral exposure to both viruses led to acute hepatitis B in five subjects without evidence of HIV\u20101 infection. Cryopreserved lymphocytes derived from three exposed patients were tested <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic> in an ELISPOT assay for IFN\u2010\u03b3 release upon stimulation with peptides from structural and non\u2010structural HIV proteins; one of the patients was also tested with four HLA\/class\u2004I tetramers. Circulating HIV\u2010specific CD8 cells were detected by tetramer staining and a high frequency of T cells were able to release IFN\u2010\u03b3 upon stimulation with HIV peptides, showing <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> T cell priming by HIV. These results unequivocally demonstrate a HIV\u2010specific cell\u2010mediated immune response in the absence of infection after exposure to highly replicating HIV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200424889","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,4]],"date-time":"2004-10-04T18:01:54Z","timestamp":1096912914000},"page":"3208-3215","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Parenteral exposure to high HIV viremia leads to virus\u2010specific T cell priming without evidence of infection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Missale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Papagno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amalia","family":"Penna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Pilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Zerbini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piero","family":"Vitali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Pieroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Urbani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacopo","family":"Uggeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Pinheiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Rowland\u2010Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0195-59"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.3.1602"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(97)00056-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118133"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6681","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.11.6681","article-title":"Presence of effector CD8+ T Cells in hepatitis C virus\u2010exposed healthy seronegative donors.","volume":"162","author":"Scognamiglio P.","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. 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