{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T10:59:08Z","timestamp":1790506748286,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,5]],"date-time":"2004-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1091664000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>CD4 T\u2004cells are important for development of long\u2010term immunity to bacterial infections. Here we describe construction of a group A streptococcus (GAS) strain that expresses the model ovalbumin epitope (OVA) on its surface, and the use of this strain in adoptive transfer experiments to study CD4 T\u2004cell response to bacterial infection in nasal\u2010associated lymphoid tissue (NALT), which was previously shown to be a specific target for GAS colonization. The OVA<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> GAS, but not the wild\u2010type strain was shown to activate CD4 T\u2004cells in an antigen\u2010specific manner both <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. After intranasal infection of mice with this strain, OVA\u2010specific CD4 T\u2004cells were first activated in NALT, which is functionally equivalent to human tonsils, rather than in the cervical lymph nodes. During localized infection, OVA<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> GAS induced rapid and prolonged activation of CD4 T\u2004cells at higher magnitudes in the NALT than in draining lymph nodes and spleen, where CD4 T\u2004cells underwent little or no activation. In contrast, systemic infection induced significantly higher activation of CD4 T\u2004cells in both lymph nodes and spleens, compared to when the infection was localized in NALT. Further investigation of cellular immune responses in NALT during GAS infection using adoptive T\u2004cell transfer, combined with the model antigen on the pathogen may ultimately shed light on mechanisms for failure of children to develop protective immune responses following streptococcal tonsillitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200425242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,5]],"date-time":"2004-08-05T14:06:04Z","timestamp":1091714764000},"page":"2843-2853","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Primary induction of CD4 T\u2004cell responses in nasal associated lymphoid tissue during group A streptococcal infection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Hae\u2010Sun","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Costalonga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. 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