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AID overexpression can induce a mutator phenotype in lymphoid and nonlymphoid cell lines, suggesting that AID by itself is sufficient to trigger hypermutation and class switching. AID expression <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> is considered to be restricted to germinal center B\u2004lymphocytes, yet AID expression is also seen in many B\u2004cell lymphomas, hinting at a potential role for the development of these malignancies. We used a GFP\u2010based reversion assay to efficiently evaluate the activation of mutator phenotypes. As expected, AID overexpression in the human Burkitt lymphoma cell line BL70 caused hypermutation. Surprisingly, AID overexpression in the human pre\u2010B\u2004cell line Nalm\u20106 failed to induce a detectable mutator phenotype, indicating that Nalm\u20106 cells are probably lacking an essential factor(s) to confer AID\u2010induced mutagenesis. This finding supports the concept that AID overexpression by itself must not automatically lead to the onset of a mutator phenotype. In addition, treating Nalm\u20106 transfectants with thymidine, a potential mutagenic drug, caused profound mutation rates on the <jats:italic>GFP<\/jats:italic> transgene. Thus, the GFP\u2010based mutation assay might prove a powerful tool to study protein\u2010 and chemical\u2010induced mutator phenotypes in cell lines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200425315","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,9]],"date-time":"2004-12-09T10:32:12Z","timestamp":1102588332000},"page":"290-298","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Activation\u2010induced cytidine deaminase fails to induce a mutator phenotype in the human pre\u2010B\u2004cell line Nalm\u20106"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Florian","family":"R\u00fcckerl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jurgen","family":"Bachl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.81.10.3180"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/381751a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.26.18470"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)00078-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80432-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/354389a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(91)90289-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-10-3175"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature714"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1071556"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature00862"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90316-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.192442899"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20030275"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.22.13042"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.18.8522"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0730835100"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01574"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20030481"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni920"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35091100"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.2.851"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-4141(199904)29:04<1383::AID-IMMU1383>3.0.CO;2-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4781(92)90134-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/18.17.5322"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_2","first-page":"235","article-title":"B\u2004cell maturation stages of Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines according to Epstein\u2010Barr virus status and type of chromosome translocation.","volume":"78","author":"Cohen J. 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