{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T17:34:42Z","timestamp":1778607282779,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,24]],"date-time":"2005-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1106524800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The immunogenicity of peptides and protein fragments can be considerably enhanced by their presentation on particulate carriers such as capsid\u2010like particles (CLP) from hepatitis B virus (HBV). Here we tested the suitability of the HBV capsid protein as a carrier for a relevant full\u2010length pathogen\u2010derived protein antigen. The entire 255\u2010amino acid ectodomain of the outer surface protein A (OspA) from <jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>, the causative agent of Lyme disease, was inserted into the major B\u2004cell epitope of the HBV capsid, yielding a multimerization\u2010competent fusion protein, termed coreOspA. CoreOspA, consisting only in part of regular CLP, induced antibodies to OspA, including the Ig isotype profile and specificity for the protective epitope LA\u20102, with an efficiency similar to that of recombinant lipidated OspA, the first generation vaccine against Lyme disease. Moreover, coreOspA actively and passively protected mice against subsequent challenge with<jats:italic> B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>. The data demonstrate the capacity of the HBV capsid protein to act as a potent immunomodulator even for full\u2010length and structurally complex polypeptide chains and thus opens new avenues for novel vaccine designs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200425449","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,24]],"date-time":"2005-01-24T18:47:29Z","timestamp":1106592449000},"page":"655-665","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["A fusion product of the complete <i>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/i> outer surface protein A (OspA) and the hepatitis B virus capsid protein is highly immunogenic and induces protective immunity similar to that seen with an effective lipidated OspA vaccine formula"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Nassal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Skamel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter\u2004A.","family":"Kratz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reinhard","family":"Wallich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Stehle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Markus\u2004M.","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.10.3768"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2237407"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/164.1.123"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(96)00146-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0264-410X(95)00035-Y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.21.120601.141126"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199807233390402"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199807233390401"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(03)00208-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000024970"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","first-page":"pp 1","article-title":"Macromolecular interactions in hepatitis B virus replication and particle assembly. In Cann, A. J. (Ed.)","author":"Nassal M.","year":"2000","journal-title":"DNA virus replication."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90142-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0969-2126(01)00237-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3319","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.64.7.3319-3330.1990","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus nucleocapsid assembly: primary structure requirements in the core protein.","volume":"64","author":"Birnbaum F.","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/21.5.876"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4107","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.66.7.4107-4116.1992","article-title":"The arginine\u2010rich domain of the hepatitis B virus core protein is required for pregenome encapsidation and productive viral positive\u2010strand DNA synthesis but not for virus assembly.","volume":"66","author":"Nassal M.","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(01)80009-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/386088a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1998.1845"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1834404100"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.13.040195.000333"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.63.2.798-808.1989","article-title":"Antigenic determinants and functional domains in core antigen and e antigen from hepatitis B virus.","volume":"63","author":"Salfeld J.","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.16.9477"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3491425"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.26.14648"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.14.6367-6374.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000050037"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.14.6359-6366.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.18678-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-3527(08)60808-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.12.6860-6870.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000067928"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000067927"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.5.1915"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2004.02.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/17.21.8864"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-2478(93)90056-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-4141(199903)29:03<946::AID-IMMU946>3.0.CO;2-P"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200323620"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.273.5280.1392"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.8.3584"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.2000.4119"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2003.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0171-2985(11)80504-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-74-7-1335"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_2","first-page":"59","article-title":"A mouse model for Borrelia burgdorferi infection: pathogenesis, immune response and protection.","author":"Schaible U. E.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Behring Inst. Mitt."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830261206"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.23.12533"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Feji.200425449","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/eji.200425449","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]],"date-time":"2023-11-16T23:12:38Z","timestamp":1700176358000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/eji.200425449"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,28]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/eji.200425449"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eji.200425449","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-2980","1521-4141"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-2980","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-4141","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,28]]}}}