{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T16:19:55Z","timestamp":1759335595546},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,17]],"date-time":"2004-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1100649600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Interactions between the neuro\u2010endocrine system and immune system help maintain health. One interaction involves the superior cervical ganglia (SCG), which regulate the prohormone submandibular rat 1 (SMR1) produced by the submandibular gland (SMG). A peptide derived from SMR1, feG, has anti\u2010inflammatory activity, and modification to <jats:sc>D<\/jats:sc>\u2010isomer feG enhances bioactivity. We tested feG as a therapeutic agent for airways inflammation, using rats sensitized by OVA or <jats:italic>Nippostrongylus brasiliensis <\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>Nb<\/jats:italic>). Treatment with feG but not fdG down\u2010regulated OVA\u2010challenge\u2010induced increases in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)\u2010derived macrophages, eosinophils and PMN (neutrophils) by 44%, 69% and 67%, respectively, at 24\u2004h. We found that feG also reduced ICAM\u20101 on BAL\u2010derived macrophages and eosinophils by 27% and 65%, and L\u2010selectin on PMN by 55% following OVA challenge. Furthermore, feG but not fdG reduced the OVA\u2010induced TNF increase in BAL fluid. We showed that feG also down\u2010regulated both hyper\u2010responsiveness to methacholine (by 27%) and microgranulomata formation in the lung parenchyma. In <jats:italic>Nb<\/jats:italic>\u2010challenged rats, feG treatment inhibited <jats:italic>ex vivo <\/jats:italic>allergen\u2010induced contraction of tracheal smooth muscle by up to 73%. In conclusion, feG, which is a mimetic of a peptide derived from a rat salivary gland prohormone, has anti\u2010inflammatory properties in allergic airways inflammation in Brown\u2010Norway rats. The role of the SCG\u2010SMG neuro\u2010endocrine pathway in allergic asthma and other inflammatory diseases requires additional study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200425461","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,17]],"date-time":"2004-11-17T14:49:01Z","timestamp":1100702941000},"page":"3315-3325","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Frontline: Inhibition of allergen\u2010induced pulmonary inflammation by the tripeptide feG: a mimetic of a neuro\u2010endocrine pathway"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Ren\u00e9\u2004E.","family":"Dery","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Ulanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lakshmi","family":"Puttagunta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grant\u2004R.","family":"Stenton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaheed","family":"Merani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronald","family":"Mathison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joe","family":"Davison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.\u2004Dean","family":"Befus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1690429"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","first-page":"261","article-title":"Suppression and enhancement of in vitro lymphocyte reactivity by factors in rat submandibular gland extracts.","volume":"56","author":"Kemp A.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.172.6.1819"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-1591(92)90012-D"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(94)90209-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","first-page":"1017","article-title":"A novel submandibular gland peptide protects against endotoxic and anaphylactic shock.","volume":"273","author":"Mathison R.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. 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