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In this study, we report that this loss continued for at least 3\u2004months and was not simply due to internalization of the TCR. Concomitant with the decrease in NKT cells was an increase in the percentage of Annexin V<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> NKT cells that remained <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>, suggesting that the reduction in NKT cells at these late stages post\u2010infection occurred by activation\u2010induced cell death. Interestingly, APC from LCMV\u2010infected mice could activate NKT cells <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> at higher levels than those from uninfected mice and was concomitant with an increase in apoptosis in NKT cells. However, this could not be blocked by mAb to murine CD1d, and APC from LCMV\u2010infected (but not uninfected) CD1d1\u2010deficient mice could also stimulate NKT cells. Collectively, our data suggest that the activation and subsequent long\u2010term loss of NKT cells is a normal component of the host's antiviral immune response, and this occurs in a CD1d\u2010independent manner.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200425495","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,22]],"date-time":"2005-02-22T09:49:20Z","timestamp":1109065760000},"page":"879-889","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Long\u2010term loss of canonical NKT cells following an acute virus infection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Yinling","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tonya J.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chyung\u2010Ru","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sungyoo","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Randy\u2004R.","family":"Brutkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri854"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.21.120601.141057"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevImmunol.v23.i56.30"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.279.5356.1541"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.2.723"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0307847100"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.10.5690"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(03)00072-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.192.7.921"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1040-8428(01)00198-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0901-1057"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35097097"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.22.10746-10754.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830251218"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.8.4450"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.8.4367"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80617-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.8.4020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1833166100"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxh023"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.191.11.1895"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.192.5.741"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830270638"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.4.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.9.4964"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V85.2.532.532","article-title":"Human neutrophils lose their surface Fc gamma RIII and acquire Annexin V binding sites during apoptosis in vitro.","volume":"85","author":"Homburg C. 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