{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T16:56:18Z","timestamp":1761843378996},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,18]],"date-time":"2005-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1106006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We previously showed that influenza virus infection of mice induces a depletion of bone marrow B lineage cells due to apoptosis of early B cells mediated by a mechanism involving TNF\u2010\u03b1\/LT\u03b1. Here we demonstrate that this effect is also observed with acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection and resulted in a deficiency of both splenic transitional B cells and mature follicular B cells. To determine whether there was an associated impairment of humoral immunity, we infected mice with LCMV and 10\u2004days later at the peak of the B cell depletion, inoculated them with influenza virus. We found that influenza virus\u2010specific antibody titers were dramatically reduced in mice recovering from LCMV infection compared to those in mice infected with influenza virus alone. Further, we showed that there was no reduction of the influenza virus\u2010specific antibody response in LCMV\u2010infected TNF\u2010\u03b1\/LT\u03b1\u2010deficient mice, suggesting that TNF\u2010\u03b1\/LT\u03b1\u2010mediated effects on bone marrow and\/or peripheral lymphocytes were responsible for the observed impairment in humoral immunity. These results show that the TNF\u2010\u03b1\/LT\u03b1 production induced following infection with diverse viruses has detrimental effects on early B cells in the bone marrow, and may be among the factors that lead to the severely compromised humoral immunity observed to subsequent heterologous infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200425597","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,18]],"date-time":"2005-01-18T17:46:38Z","timestamp":1106070398000},"page":"524-532","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Virus infection\u2010associated bone marrow B cell depletion and impairment of humoral immunity to heterologous infection mediated by TNF\u2010\u03b1\/LT\u03b1"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Persephone","family":"Borrow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sam","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Gloster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miranda","family":"Ashton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Hyland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0268-960X(91)90037-D"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V70.2.384.384","article-title":"Productive infection by B19 parvovirus of human erythroid BM cells in vitro.","volume":"70","author":"Ozawa K.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V95.2.487","article-title":"In vitro infection of megakaryocytes and their precursors by human cytomegalovirus.","volume":"95","author":"Crapnell K.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/169.4.871"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V74.4.1235.bloodjournal7441235","article-title":"Dengue virus, a flavivirus, propagates in human BM progenitors and hematopoietic cell lines.","volume":"74","author":"Nakao S.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-3536(05)80240-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.13.6636-6642.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.4.1386"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000164006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-70-2-467"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-9071(200103)63:3<242::AID-JMV1007>3.0.CO;2-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.11.6193"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.1999.tb01389.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","first-page":"pp 593","article-title":"Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus.","author":"Borrow P.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Viral Pathogenesis."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V49.1.47.47","article-title":"Changes in hemopoiesis during the course of acute LCM virus infection in mice.","volume":"49","author":"Bro\u2010J\u00f8rgensen K","year":"1977","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.19.2.533-539.1978","article-title":"Mechanisms of hemopoietic and immunological dysfunction induced by lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus.","volume":"19","author":"Silberman S. 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