{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T08:39:41Z","timestamp":1791275981132,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,16]],"date-time":"2005-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1134691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare the roles of programmed death\u20041 ligand\u20041 (PD\u2010L1) and PD\u2010L2 in regulating immunity to infection, we investigated responses of mice lacking PD\u2010L1 or PD\u2010L2 to infection with <jats:italic>Leishmania mexicana<\/jats:italic>. PD\u2010L1<jats:sup>\u2013\/\u2013<\/jats:sup> and PD\u2010L2<jats:sup>\u2013\/\u2013<\/jats:sup> mice exhibited distinct disease outcomes following infection with <jats:italic>L.\u2004mexicana<\/jats:italic>. In comparison to susceptible WT mice, PD\u2010L1<jats:sup>\u2013\/\u2013<\/jats:sup> mice showed resistance to <jats:italic>L.\u2004mexicana<\/jats:italic>, as demonstrated by reduced growth of cutaneous lesions and parasite burden. In contrast, PD\u2010L2<jats:sup>\u2013\/\u2013<\/jats:sup> mice developed exacerbated disease with increased parasite burden. Host resistance to <jats:italic>L.\u2004mexicana<\/jats:italic> is partly associated with the development of a Th1 response and down\u2010regulation of the Th2 response. Both PD\u2010L1<jats:sup>\u2013\/\u2013<\/jats:sup> and PD\u2010L2<jats:sup>\u2013\/\u2013<\/jats:sup> mice produced levels of IFN\u2010\u03b3 similar to WT mice. However, the development of IL\u20104\u2010producing cells was reduced in PD\u2010L1<jats:sup>\u2013\/\u2013<\/jats:sup> mice, demonstrating a role for PD\u2010L1 in regulating Th cell differentiation. This inadequate Th2 response may explain the increased resistance of PD\u2010L1<jats:sup>\u2013\/\u2013<\/jats:sup> mice. Although no alterations in Th1\/Th2 skewing were observed in PD\u2010L2<jats:sup>\u2013\/\u2013<\/jats:sup> mice, PD\u2010L2<jats:sup>\u2013\/\u2013<\/jats:sup> mice exhibited a marked increase in <jats:italic>L.\u2004mexicana<\/jats:italic>\u2010specific antibody production. Increased <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\u2010specific IgG production may suppress the healing response through Fc\u03b3R ligation on macrophages. Taken together, our results demonstrate that PD\u2010L1 and PD\u2010L2 have distinct roles in regulating the immune response to <jats:italic>L.\u2004mexicana<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200535458","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,16]],"date-time":"2005-12-16T12:48:52Z","timestamp":1134737332000},"page":"58-64","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["PD\u2010L1 and PD\u2010L2 have distinct roles in regulating host immunity to cutaneous leishmaniasis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Spencer\u2004C.","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca\u2004J.","family":"Greenwald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvette\u2004E.","family":"Latchman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Rosas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhay","family":"Satoskar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gordon\u2004J.","family":"Freeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arlene\u2004H.","family":"Sharpe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.23.021704.115611"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1349"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/mi.2.4.205"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05481.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.192.7.1027"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1038\/70932","article-title":"B7\u2010H1, a third member of the B7 family, co\u2010stimulates T\u2010cell proliferation and interleukin\u201010 secretion.","volume":"5","author":"Dong H.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nat. 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