{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T08:23:28Z","timestamp":1768724608114,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,6]],"date-time":"2006-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1157500800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNI), like nitric oxide (NO) and peroxynitrite, have antiviral effects against certain viruses. Hantaviruses, like other members of the Bunyaviridae family, have previously not been shown to be sensitive to RNI. In this study, we compared the effects of NO and peroxynitrite on hantavirus replication and free mature virions <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>, and of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in hantavirus\u2010infected suckling mice. The NO\u2010generating compound S\u2010nitroso\u2010N\u2010acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), as well as cytokine\u2010induced NO, strongly inhibited hantavirus replication in Vero E6 cells, while pretreatment of free virions with SNAP only had a limited effect on their viability. In contrast, 3\u2010morpholinosydnonimine hydrochloride (SIN\u20101), a peroxynitrite donor, inhibited virus replication only to a very low extent <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>, but pretreatment of virus with SIN\u20101 led to a considerably lowered viability of the virions. Infections of various human cell types <jats:italic>per se<\/jats:italic> did not induce NO production. The viral titers in iNOS<jats:sup>\u2013\/\u2013<\/jats:sup> mice were higher compared to the controls, suggesting that NO inhibits hantavirus replication <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. In conclusion, we show that NO has strong antiviral effects on hantavirus replication, and peryoxynitrite on mature free virions, suggesting that different RNI can have different effects on various parts of the replication cycle for the same virus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200535587","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,6]],"date-time":"2006-09-06T09:54:44Z","timestamp":1157536484000},"page":"2649-2657","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Nitric oxide and peroxynitrite have different antiviral effects against hantavirus replication and free mature virions"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Jonas","family":"Klingstr\u00f6m","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"\u00c5kerstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonas","family":"Hardestam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Malin","family":"Stoltz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melinda","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kerstin\u2004I.","family":"Falk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Mirazimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Rottenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c5ke","family":"Lundkvist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-77-11-2677"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0302.970202"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/088282402320914548"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/003655400750045204"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.6.4547-4551.1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8880","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.10.8880-8883.1999","article-title":"Inhibition of influenza virus replication by nitric oxide.","volume":"73","author":"Rimmelzwaan G. 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