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Consequently, Vanin\u20101\u2010deficient mice represent a unique mouse model in which stress\u2010induced inflammation is limited by the reaction of resident tissue cells. To investigate the contribution of host tissues in the control of a bacterial infection, we infected Vanin\u20101\u2010deficient mice with <jats:italic>C.\u2004burnetii<\/jats:italic>. Mortality and morbidity of mice were not affected. The lack of Vanin\u20101 had no effect on <jats:italic>C.\u2004burnetii<\/jats:italic> clearance but decreased the formation of granulomas in spleen and liver. Granuloma formation depends upon M\u03a6 recruitment and activation in these tissues. Whereas the former was slightly impaired in mutant mice, the lack of Vanin\u20101 significantly affected the activation pattern of BM\u2010derived M\u03a6 stimulated by <jats:italic>C.\u2004burnetii<\/jats:italic>. While their microbicidal activity against <jats:italic>C.\u2004burnetii<\/jats:italic> was moderately impaired, they exhibited decreased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and MCP\u20101 gene expression, and increased IL\u201010 and arginase expression. In liver from mutant mice, increased arginase expression and decreased expression of MCP\u20101 and iNOS were reminiscent of M\u03a6 data. These results suggest a role of Vanin\u20101 in granuloma formation in response to <jats:italic>C.\u2004burnetii <\/jats:italic>by skewing M\u03a6 activation toward an M2 program.<\/jats:p><jats:p>See accompanying commentary <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" xlink:href=\"10.1002\/eji.200636910\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/eji.200636910<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200636054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,12]],"date-time":"2006-12-12T18:32:08Z","timestamp":1165948328000},"page":"24-32","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Vanin\u20101 controls granuloma formation and macrophage polarization in Coxiella burnetii infection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Soraya","family":"Meghari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carole","family":"Berruyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hubert","family":"Lepidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franck","family":"Galland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Naquet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean\u2010Louis","family":"Mege","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.1997.tb00298.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(02)00448-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(05)70052-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.12.4.518"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.6.3695"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.11.7070"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/505227"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80496-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/geno.1998.5481"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002510100327"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.24.16.7214-7224.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1970.tb01119.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(99)01439-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(00)02110-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11732","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)70195-1","article-title":"Interaction of l\u2010 and d\u20103\u2010amino\u20101\u2010chloro\u20102\u2010pentanone with \u03b3\u2010glutamylcysteine synthetase.","volume":"255","author":"Beamer R. 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