{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T18:15:05Z","timestamp":1774030505534,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,27]],"date-time":"2006-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1164585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The late appearance of neutralizing antibodies (nAb) against lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) has been attributed to various factors including immunopathology, low frequency of high\u2010affinity specific B cells and competition by nonspecific polyclonal B cell activation. To investigate the activation of LCMV\u2010nAb\u2010producing B cells early following infection, we performed adoptive transfers of LCMV\u2010specific B cells into WT recipients. By modulating parameters such as viral load, number of specific B cells and presence of T cell help, we found that a high antigen\u2010to\u2010B cell ratio led to normal IgM responses. IgG and memory response however, were impaired as most nAb\u2010producing B cells rapidly terminally differentiated into short\u2010lived IgM plasma cells. Lowering the antigen\u2010to\u2010B cell ratio, or increasing the level of T cell help, could rescue the class\u2010switched antibody response. Upon infection, a low frequency of LCMV\u2010nAb\u2010producing B cells, as observed in WT mice, results in a high antigen\u2010to\u2010B cell ratio and is likely to lead to terminal differentiation \u2013 and elimination \u2013 of these rare B cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200636087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,27]],"date-time":"2006-11-27T10:55:56Z","timestamp":1164624956000},"page":"3175-3185","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Parameters governing exhaustion of rare T cell\u2010independent neutralizing IgM\u2010producing B cells after LCMV infection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Rapha\u00ebl\u2004M.","family":"Zellweger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Hangartner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rolf\u2004M.","family":"Zinkernagel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Hengartner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/369031a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5408","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.151.10.5408","article-title":"Impairment and delay of neutralizing antiviral antibody responses by virus\u2010specific cytotoxic T cells.","volume":"151","author":"Battegay M.","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. 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