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We have previously shown that C57BL\/6 mice vaccinated intradermally with 10<jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup>\u2004<jats:italic>L.\u2004major<\/jats:italic>\/50\u2004\u00b5g CpG oligodeoxynucleotides develop little or no dermal lesions and show early containment of parasite growth in the vaccination site, eliminating safety concerns related to the inoculation of live organisms. The addition of CpG to the live vaccine resulted in early activation of dermal dendritic cells and increased IL\u20106 production, as well as in a reduction in the accumulation of Foxp3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD25<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> regulatory\u2004T (T<jats:sub>reg<\/jats:sub>) cells that naturally occurs in the skin following <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> infection. Neutralization of IL\u20106 caused the development of larger lesions and increased local T<jats:sub>reg<\/jats:sub> cell numbers. Transfer of vaccine\u2010primed dendritic cells into IL\u20106\u2010deficient mice mitigated lesion development, indicating that IL\u20106 reconstitution limited pathology in the vaccination site.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200636472","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,17]],"date-time":"2006-11-17T13:37:00Z","timestamp":1163770620000},"page":"3238-3247","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Immunomodulatory effects associated with a live vaccine against <i>Leishmania major<\/i> containing CpG oligodeoxynucleotides"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Wenhui","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luise","family":"Weigand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasmine","family":"Belkaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Mendez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_2","first-page":"306","article-title":"Problem and current lines in investigations on the epidemiology of leishmaniasis and its control in the U.S.S.R.","volume":"74","author":"Kellina O. 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