{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]],"date-time":"2023-10-13T05:49:48Z","timestamp":1697176188793},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,5]],"date-time":"2007-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1181001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic> is a Gram\u2010negative bacterium that causes a variety of gastrointestinal diseases, such as duodenal ulcer and gastric carcinoma. The T cell response against <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> is thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of these diseases. Here, we show that mouse\u2010adapted <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> is able to polyclonally activate murine CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T lymphocytes, irrespective of their antigen specificity. Murine T helper cell clones as well as short\u2010term cultured, polyclonal Th1 and Th2 cell lines and a human T cell clone, but not naive CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells<jats:italic>,<\/jats:italic> could be activated in this manner. The effect was independent of antigen\u2010presenting cells and required direct contact between <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> and T cells. Only whole cells of <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>, but not lysates or sonicates were able to activate T cells. The activity was lost after long\u2010term culture of <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> on agar\u2010plates. Degradation of <jats:italic>H. pylori <\/jats:italic>proteins with specific peptidases dramatically reduced the stimulating ability, implicating that the responsible molecule is likely to be a protein. This unexpected polyclonal T cell stimulatory mechanism may contribute to the T cell\u2010mediated pathogenicity characteristic for <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\u2013mediated diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200636676","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,5]],"date-time":"2007-06-05T09:17:11Z","timestamp":1181035031000},"page":"1905-1915","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["<i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i> polyclonally activates murine CD4<sup>+<\/sup> T cells in the absence of antigen\u2010presenting cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Christine","family":"Rosenpl\u00e4nter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Sommer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Kleemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Belkovets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Lohoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)91816-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.39.4.353"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.32.11.1415"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1999.01584.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI27177"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)70531-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.158.2.962","article-title":"T helper 1 effector cells specific for Helicobacter pylori in the gastric antrum of patients with peptic ulcer disease.","volume":"158","author":"D'Elios M. 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