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This cell, isolated from <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> activated B cells, expressed activation markers and featured a CD23<jats:sup>\u2013<\/jats:sup>, IgM<jats:sup>high<\/jats:sup>, IgD<jats:sup>low<\/jats:sup> surface phenotype, responded to T cell\u2010independent type\u20102 antigens <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>, and was detected in the subepithelial (SE) areas, the tonsil equivalent of the splenic marginal zone (MZ). Most of the cells utilized unmutated Ig VH genes, although cells with mutated genes also were found, a finding confirmed by single\u2010cell studies. Mutated sequences were more frequent in suspensions enriched for CD27<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells. Repeated VDJ gene sequences were observed in different molecular clones from the same cell suspension, suggesting <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic> expansion. These CD5<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> B cells seem to share features with previously characterized tonsil CD5<jats:sup>\u2013<\/jats:sup> SE B cells and differ from the majority of tonsil CD5<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> B cells, which have the surface phenotype of follicular mantle B cells, lack activation markers, do not respond to T cell\u2010independent antigens, and utilize unmutated VH genes. These data are discussed considering the present views on the origin of B cell subset populations and the relationships between MZ and B1 cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200636887","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,6]],"date-time":"2007-07-06T09:02:29Z","timestamp":1183712549000},"page":"2138-2147","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["CD5<sup>+<\/sup> B cells with the features of subepithelial B cells found in human tonsils"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Mariella","family":"Dono","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vito\u2004Lelio","family":"Burgio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Colombo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Sciacchitano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Reverberi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Tarantino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Cutrona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Chiorazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manlio","family":"Ferrarini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830260911"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.11.5596"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119691"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(98)01308-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2002.01953.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI24387"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.5.2749"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.19.1.595"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(92)90199-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830260912"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-7915(00)00204-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119433"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830270835"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.188.9.1679"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3700","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.148.12.3700","article-title":"IgM and IgG but not cytokine secretion is restricted to the CD27+ B lymphocyte subset.","volume":"148","author":"Maurer D.","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. 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