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The current study assessed whether specific WNV peptide epitopes could elicit a cytotoxic T\u2004lymphocyte (CTL) response capable of protecting against virus infection. Hidden Markov model analysis was used to identify WNV\u2010encoded peptides that bound the MHC class\u2004I proteins K<jats:sup>b<\/jats:sup> or D<jats:sup>b<\/jats:sup>. Of the 35\u2004peptides predicted to bind MHC class\u2004I molecules, one immunodominant CTL recognition peptide was identified in each of the envelope and non\u2010structural protein\u20044B genes. Addition of these but not control peptides to CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells from WNV\u2010infected mice induced IFN\u2010\u03b3 production. CTL clones that were generated <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic> lysed peptide\u2010pulsed or WNV\u2010infected target cells in an antigen\u2010specific manner. Finally, adoptive transfer of a mixture of envelope\u2010 and non\u2010structural protein 4B\u2010specific CTL to recipient mice protected against lethal WNV challenge. Based on this, we conclude that CTL responses against immundominant WNV epitopes confer protective immunity and thus should be targets for inclusion in new vaccines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200737192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,11]],"date-time":"2007-06-11T09:52:31Z","timestamp":1181555551000},"page":"1845-1854","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["Antigen\u2010specific cytotoxic T\u2004lymphocytes protect against lethal West Nile virus encephalitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Whitney\u2004E.","family":"Purtha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Myers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vesselin","family":"Mitaksov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Sitati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janet","family":"Connolly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daved\u2004H.","family":"Fremont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ted\u2004H.","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael\u2004S.","family":"Diamond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0505.990506"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/313737"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)03538-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a120785","article-title":"Pathogenesis of West Nile virus encephalitis in mice and rats. 1.\u2004Influence of age and species on mortality and infection.","volume":"86","author":"Eldadah A. 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