{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T23:30:20Z","timestamp":1783380620543,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,12]],"date-time":"2007-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1197417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vitamin A deficiency is known to be accompanied with immune deficiency and susceptibility to a wide range of infectious diseases. Experimental evidence suggests that the active metabolites of vitamin A that mediate its effects on the immune system are the retinoic acids (RA), which are ligands for the nuclear RA receptor (RAR) family. RA were previously shown both to promote proliferation and to regulate apoptosis of thymocytes. In this study we detected the age\u2010dependent mRNA expression of retinaldehyde dehydrogenases (RALDH1 and 2), cellular RA binding protein\u2010II and CYP26A, proteins responsible for the synthesis, nuclear transport and degradation of RA in the postnatally developing thymus. RALDH1 was located in thymic epithelial cells. However, the amount of all\u2010<jats:italic>trans<\/jats:italic> RA in thymic homogenates was close to the detection limit, suggesting that in this tissue all\u2010<jats:italic>trans <\/jats:italic>RA is not the main RAR\u2010regulating product of retinol metabolism. At the same time, by measuring the induction of a RAR\u2010responsive transgene in two independent transgenic mouse strains, we demonstrated the production of an RAR\u2010activating ligand, which was age and RALDH dependent. Our data provide evidence for the existence of endogenous retinoid synthesis in the thymus and suggest that retinoids similar to glucocorticoids might indeed be involved in the regulation of thymic proliferation and selection processes by being present in the thymus in functionally effective amounts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200737342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,17]],"date-time":"2007-12-17T23:17:15Z","timestamp":1197933435000},"page":"147-155","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Retinoid receptor\u2010activating ligands are produced within the mouse thymus during postnatal development"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Ildik\u00f3","family":"Kiss","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralph","family":"R\u00fchl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c9va","family":"Szegezdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Britta","family":"Fritzsche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Be\u00e1ta","family":"T\u00f3th","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judit","family":"Pongr\u00e1cz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Perlmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L\u00e1szl\u00f3","family":"F\u00e9s\u00fcs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zsuzsa","family":"Szondy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.17.1.829"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","first-page":"197","article-title":"Signals for T cell maturation.","volume":"47","author":"Sen J.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cell. 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