{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T02:57:31Z","timestamp":1789181851951,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,12]],"date-time":"2007-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1192147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Experiments in animals verified that phlebotomine saliva enhances <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> infection, and vaccination with saliva prevents disease. We have shown that individuals from an endemic area of visceral leishmaniasis displayed robust antibody responses to saliva from the vector <jats:italic>Lutzomyia<\/jats:italic> <jats:italic>longipalpis<\/jats:italic>, which correlated with anti\u2010parasite cell\u2010mediated immunity. Here, we explored human anti\u2010saliva responses following exposure to sand flies, using an <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> bite model in which normal volunteers were exposed four times to 30\u2004laboratory\u2010reared <jats:italic>Lu.\u2004longipalpis<\/jats:italic>. Following the third exposure, normal volunteers developed diverse dermatological reactions at the site of insect bite. Serum from normal volunteers displayed high levels of anti\u2010salivary gland sonicate IgG1, IgG4 and IgE as well as several salivary gland proteins. Furthermore, following <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> stimulation with salivary gland sonicate, there was an increased frequency of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD25<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD25<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells as well as IFN\u2010\u03b3 and IL\u201010 synthesis. Strikingly, 1\u2004year after the first exposure, PBMC from the volunteers displayed recall IFN\u2010\u03b3 responses that correlated with a significant reduction in infection rates using a macrophage\u2010lymphocyte autologous culture. Together, these data suggest that human immunization against sand fly saliva is feasible and recall responses are obtained even 1\u2004year after exposure, opening perspectives for vaccination in man.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200737431","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,12]],"date-time":"2007-10-12T12:47:40Z","timestamp":1192193260000},"page":"3111-3121","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Human anti\u2010saliva immune response following experimental exposure to the visceral leishmaniasis vector, <i>Lutzomyia longipalpis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Vera","family":"Vinhas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno\u2004B.","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F\u00e1bio","family":"Paes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9a","family":"Bomura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Clarencio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9\u2004C.","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"B\u00e1fica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aldina","family":"Barral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manoel","family":"Barral\u2010Netto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.en.32.010187.002335"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6701528"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1985.34.456"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0001-37652005000400008"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","first-page":"0","article-title":"Vector salivation and parasite transmission.","volume":"82","author":"Ribeiro J. 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