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We recently showed that intra\u2010tumoral <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> injection results not only in the regression of even bulky tumor masses, but also impacts on the growth of distant untreated lesions. Here we describe how <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> exerts its systemic anti\u2010cancer effects and means to potentiate them. The outburst of an early inflammatory reaction in the treated tumor promotes the development of an immunostimulatory cytokine environment both locally and in the draining lymph node. Within the next 10\u2004days, an efficient cross\u2010presentation of endogenous tumor antigens by dendritic cells at the tumor\u2010draining lymph node leads to the priming of effective anti\u2010tumor CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cell responses. This potentially broadly reactive T cell repertoire can be directed to other pre\u2010established melanomas by low\u2010dose radiotherapy enhancing the <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> anti\u2010cancer effect. We demonstrate that <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\u2010based therapy coupled to low\u2010dose radiotherapy dampens tumor immune escape mechanisms at different levels and allows controlling systemic disease in a CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cell\u2010dependent manner.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200738035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,25]],"date-time":"2008-06-25T12:23:50Z","timestamp":1214396630000},"page":"1937-1947","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Intra\u2010tumoral <i>Salmonella typhimurium<\/i> induces a systemic anti\u2010tumor immune response that is directed by low\u2010dose radiation to treat distal 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