{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T15:13:06Z","timestamp":1792077186446,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,16]],"date-time":"2008-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1216166400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sialic acid binding immunoglobulin\u2010like lectins (Siglec) are important components of immune recognition. The organization of Siglec genes in different species is consistent with rapid selection imposed by pathogens. We studied <jats:italic>SIGLEC11<\/jats:italic> genes in human, rodent, dog, cow and non\u2010human primates. The lineages of <jats:italic>SIGLEC11<\/jats:italic> genes in these species have undergone dynamic gene duplication and conversion, forming a potential inhibitory (<jats:italic>SIGLEC11<\/jats:italic>)\/activating (<jats:italic>SIGLEC16<\/jats:italic>) receptor pair in chimpanzee and humans. A cDNA encoding human Siglec\u201016, currently classed as a pseudogene in the databases (<jats:italic>SIGLECP16<\/jats:italic>), is expressed in various cell lines and tissues. A polymorphism screen for the two alleles (wild type and four\u2010base pair deletion, 4bp\u0394) of <jats:italic>SIGLEC16<\/jats:italic> found their frequencies to be 50% amongst the UK population. A search for donor sequences for <jats:italic>SIGLEC16<\/jats:italic> revealed a subfamily of activating Siglec with charged transmembrane domains predicted to associate with ITAM\u2010encoding adaptor proteins. In support of this, Siglec\u201016 was expressed at the cell surface in the presence of DAP12, but not the FcR\u03b3 chain. Using antisera specific to the cytoplasmic tail of Siglec\u201016, we identified Siglec\u201016 expression in CD14<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> tissue macrophages and in normal human brain, cancerous oesophagus and lung. This is the first activating human Siglec receptor found to have functional and non\u2010functional alleles within the population.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Supporting Information for this article is available at www.wiley\u2010vch.de\/contents\/jc_2040\/2008\/38078_s.pdf<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200738078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,16]],"date-time":"2008-07-16T06:52:45Z","timestamp":1216191165000},"page":"2303-2315","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":104,"title":["<i>SIGLEC16<\/i> encodes a DAP12\u2010associated receptor expressed in macrophages that evolved from its inhibitory counterpart <i>SIGLEC11<\/i> and has functional and non\u2010functional alleles in humans"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Huan","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ursula","family":"Lakner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"de Bono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James\u2004A.","family":"Traherne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Trowsdale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander\u2004D.","family":"Barrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwj008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0404833101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M202833200"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.06-5800com"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-198912000-00033"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.28.399"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/11.12.129R"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11030-006-9029-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2056"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(02)02361-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35642"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-09-3746"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-09-3842"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwm049"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1114321","article-title":"A human\u2010specific gene in microglia.","volume":"309","author":"Hayakawa T.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20042558"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-27743-9_12"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI17745"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkl996","article-title":"Ensembl 2007.","volume":"35","author":"Hubbard T. J.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/5.2.150"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Feji.200738078","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/eji.200738078","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T09:12:12Z","timestamp":1697101932000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/eji.200738078"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,24]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/eji.200738078"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eji.200738078","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-2980","1521-4141"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-2980","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-4141","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,24]]}}}