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These targeting signals, namely, lysosome\u2010associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1), tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) and ubiquitin, encoded various forms of PA <jats:italic>viz<\/jats:italic>. lysosomal, secreted and cytosolic, respectively. Examination of IgG subclass distribution arising as a result of DNA vaccination indicated a higher IgG1:IgG2a ratio whenever the groups were immunized with chimeras bearing TPA, LAMP1 signals alone or when combined together. Importantly, high end\u2010point titers of IgG antibodies were maintained until 24\u2009wk. It was paralleled by high avidity toxin neutralizing antibodies (TNA) and effective cellular adaptive immunity in the systemic compartment. Anti\u2010PA and TNA titers of \u224810<jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup> and \u224810<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>, respectively, provided protection to \u224890% of vaccinated animals in the group pTPA\u2010PA63\u2010LAMP1. A significant correlation was found between survival percentage and post\u2010challenge anti\u2010PA titers and TNA titers. Overall, immune kinetics pointed that differential processing through various compartments gave rise to qualitative differences in the immune response generated by various chimeras.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200838058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,7]],"date-time":"2009-01-07T09:19:40Z","timestamp":1231319980000},"page":"159-177","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Anthrax protective antigen administered by DNA vaccination to distinct subcellular locations potentiates humoral and cellular immune responses"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Shuchi","family":"Midha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rakesh","family":"Bhatnagar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.55.1.647"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-9433-4-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA403352"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)32036-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi990792d"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.1999.00889.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.052160199"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20061891"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.280.5364.734"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3520739"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1073163"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20041557"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.79.10.3162"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","first-page":"189","article-title":"Bacillus anthracis calmodulin\u2010dependent adenylate cyclase: chemical and enzymatic properties and interactions with eucaryotic cells","volume":"17","author":"Leppla S. 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