{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T16:53:22Z","timestamp":1787504002777,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,3]],"date-time":"2008-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1228262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                    , naturally residing in the phagolysosomes of macrophages, is a suitable carrier for vaccine delivery. Genetic complementation of these trypanosomatid protozoa to partially rectify their defective heme\u2010biosynthesis renders them inducible with \u03b4\u2010aminolevulinate to develop porphyria for selective photolysis, leaving infected host cells unscathed. Delivery of released \u201cvaccines\u201d to antigen\u2010presenting cells is thus expected to enhance immune response, while their self\u2010destruction presents added advantages of safety. Such suicidal\n                    <jats:italic>L. amazonensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    was found to confer immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapy on hamsters against\n                    <jats:italic>L. donovani<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Neither heat\u2010killed nor live parasites without suicidal induction were effective. Photodynamic vaccination of hamsters with the suicidal mutants reduced the parasite loads by 99% and suppressed the development of disease. These suppressions were accompanied by an increase in\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010specific delayed\u2010type hypersensitivity and lymphoproliferation as well as in the levels of splenic iNOS, IFN\u2010\u03b3, and IL\u201012 expressions and of\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010specific IgG2 in the serum. Moreover, a single intravenous administration of T cells from vaccinated hamsters was shown to confer on na\u00efve animals an effective cellular immunity against\n                    <jats:italic>L. donovani<\/jats:italic>\n                    challenges. The absence of lesion development at vaccination sites and parasites in the draining lymphnodes, spleen and liver further indicates that the suicidal mutants provide a safe platform for vaccine delivery against experimental visceral leishmaniasis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200838389","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,3]],"date-time":"2008-12-03T04:37:17Z","timestamp":1228279037000},"page":"178-191","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Photodynamic vaccination of hamsters with inducible suicidal mutants of\n                    <i>Leishmania amazonensis<\/i>\n                    elicits immunity against visceral leishmaniasis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Shraddha","family":"Kumari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mukesh","family":"Samant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prashant","family":"Khare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pragya","family":"Misra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sujoy","family":"Dutta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bala Krishna","family":"Kolli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharad","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwang Poo","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anuradha","family":"Dube","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00061-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.2.229-243.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2001.00778.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0952-7915(93)90033-O"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.5.2135-2142.1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","first-page":"439","article-title":"Animal models for vaccine studies for visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"123","author":"Garg R.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","first-page":"259","article-title":"The present and future of vaccination for cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"47","author":"Greenblatt C. L.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Prog. Clin. Biol. Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.10.6372-6382.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","unstructured":"WHO\/TDR Coming Back: WHO\/TDR initiative to support live attenuated vaccines. TDR News September2005. No. 75."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-1656(95)00100-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/374783"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.11.6499-6509.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/513821"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.9.5121-5129.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M200107200"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.42.2.702-707.1983","article-title":"Cell\u2010mediated immune response in Indian kala\u2010azar and post\u2010kala\u2010azar dermal leishmaniasis","volume":"42","author":"Haldar J. P.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3091","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.57.10.3091-3096.1989","article-title":"Comparison of T\u2010cell responses in self\u2010limiting versus progressive visceral Leishmania donovani infections in golden hamsters","volume":"57","author":"Gifawesen C.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182006001831"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.22.10267"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(97)00114-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.1.62-68.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1530604100"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1087499"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b201027p"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1276"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.6.3793"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","first-page":"455","article-title":"Genetically modified live attenuated parasites as vaccines for leishmaniasis","volume":"123","author":"Selvapandiyan A.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.11.4474-4484.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2005.00626.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.8.4714-4722.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2005.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182097002175"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(01)00058-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1984.0111"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2003.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.3.1912"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2005.12.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.57.4.515"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.13.040195.001343"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/517817"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116570"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830270409"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_2","first-page":"318","article-title":"Serological investigations on Indian kala\u2010azar","volume":"40","author":"Ghose A. C.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.05.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.1992.tb00005.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.11.7160"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_2","first-page":"508","article-title":"Immunological responses of L. donovani infection in mice and significance of T cell in resistance to experimental leishmaniasis","volume":"40","author":"Rezai H. R.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0738-081X(96)00042-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.1980.tb00061.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.168.5.1675"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1985.34.1095"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2892","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.57.9.2892-2899.1989","article-title":"Characterization of protective T cells in the acquired response to Leishmania donovani in genetically determined cure (H\u20102b) and noncure (H\u20102d) mouse strains","volume":"57","author":"Ulczak O. M.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.74.1.773-776.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2005.02745.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)52451-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.141.7.2407"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_59_2","volume-title":"The Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA): A Guide with Abstracts of Microplate Application","author":"Voller A.","year":"1979"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Feji.200838389","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/eji.200838389","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T02:04:23Z","timestamp":1696903463000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/eji.200838389"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/eji.200838389"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eji.200838389","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-2980","1521-4141"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-2980","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-4141","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]}}}