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We studied an \u201c<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\u201d model of differentiation from CD34<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>Lin<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> precursors growing only myelomonocytes and maturing NK cells and where myelomonocytes could be suitably infected with HSV, HIV, or vaccinia. Cultures were evaluated by cytofluorometry and cytotoxicity assays for perturbations in differentiating NK cells. Increased expression of natural cytotoxicity receptors on maturing NK cells with increased cytolytic activity was observed with HSV\u20101 infection, and with vaccinia while no modulation of NK\u2010cell phenotype nor cytotoxic activity were evident with an ssRNA lentivirus (HIV\u20101). In the presence of constant IL\u201012 and IL\u201015 concentrations, the observed effect did not require cell contact, involved IFN\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>and was not reproduced by the addition of TLR9 agonist, nor blocked by TLR9 antagonists. Virus replication at sites of NK\u2010cell precursor development may have different outcomes depending on the interaction between invading viruses and maturing NK cells. Thus, NK\u2010cell precursors may be involved in the immune response to dsDNA viruses and possibly contribute to efficient control of virus infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200838532","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,17]],"date-time":"2008-12-17T16:35:40Z","timestamp":1229531740000},"page":"147-158","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["IFN\u2010<i>\u03b1<\/i>\u2010mediated increase in cytolytic activity of maturing NK cell upon exposure to HSV\u2010infected myelomonocytes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Paola","family":"Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Sivori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Bozzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabella","family":"Martini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Moretta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Moretta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"De Maria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-46859-9_12"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.17.1.189"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20021713","article-title":"Transgenic expression of the activating natural killer receptor Ly49lH confers resistance to cytomegalovirus in genetically susceptible mice","volume":"97","author":"Lee S. 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