{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T14:34:33Z","timestamp":1779114873737,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,13]],"date-time":"2008-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1226534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Certain viral nucleic acids aggravate autoimmunity through nucleic acid\u2010specific TLR. Viral 5\u2032\u2010triphosphate RNA (3P\u2010RNA) and double\u2010stranded non\u2010CpG DNA induce antiviral immunity <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> TLR\u2010independent pathways but their role in autoimmunity is unknown. Transient exposure of 16\u2010wk\u2010old MRL<jats:sup>lpr\/lpr<\/jats:sup> mice to 3P\u2010RNA aggravated lupus nephritis by increasing IFN signaling and decreasing CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD25<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells. By contrast, transient exposure to non\u2010CpG DNA exacerbate lupus nephritis in association with splenomegaly, lymphoproliferation, hypergammaglobulinaemia and increased B220<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD138<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> plasma cells. Both, 3P\u2010RNA and non\u2010CpG DNA increased glomerular complement factor C3c deposits but both nucleic acid formats were less potent in aggravating renal pathology as compared with CpG DNA. 3P\u2010RNA and non\u2010CpG DNA also localized to the glomerular mesangial cells and activated cultured mesangial cells to produce IL\u20106. We conclude, 3P\u2010RNA or non\u2010CpG DNA both trigger autoimmune disease in MRL<jats:sup>lpr\/lpr<\/jats:sup> mice by specifically activating adaptive immunity but similarly enhance inflammation on the tissue level.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200838604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,13]],"date-time":"2008-11-13T07:14:16Z","timestamp":1226560456000},"page":"3487-3498","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Viral 5\u2032\u2010triphosphate RNA and non\u2010CpG DNA aggravate autoimmunity and lupus nephritis <i>via<\/i> distinct TLR\u2010independent immune responses"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Ramanjaneyulu","family":"Allam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rahul D.","family":"Pawar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Onkar 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