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We postulated that it could be due to Env\u2010specific T cells exerting cytotoxicity against BCG\u2010infected host cells. After murine sensitisation with heat\u2010killed antigens of different Env species, splenocytes from <jats:italic>M. chelonae<\/jats:italic> (CHE)\u2010sensitised mice exerted the strongest cytotoxicity against autologous BCG\u2010infected macrophages. This cytotoxicity was correlated with reduced BCG viability. The cytotoxicity was reduced by the depletion of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, but not CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> or CD56<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells, and CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells showed higher percentage of cytotoxicity than CD4<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> cells, supporting a role for CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells in CHE\u2010induced, BCG\u2010specific cytotoxicity. Additionally, this cytotoxicity was IFN\u2010\u03b3, perforin and FasL dependent. After CHE\u2010sensitisation and subsequent BCG intranasal infection, there was significant expansion of lung CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells, the main cell type producing IFN\u2010\u03b3. This was associated with 2\u2010 and 6\u2010fold reductions in lung BCG counts 1 and 3\u2009wk, respectively post\u2010 infection, relative to non\u2010sensitised mice. This is the first report describing cytotoxicity against BCG\u2010infected cells as a mechanism underlying the influence of Env sensitisation on subsequent BCG responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200838933","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,7]],"date-time":"2009-07-07T07:03:56Z","timestamp":1246950236000},"page":"1841-1849","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["<i>Mycobacterium chelonae<\/i> sensitisation induces CD4<sup>+<\/sup>\u2010mediated cytotoxicity against BCG"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Peiying","family":"Ho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xing","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geok Teng","family":"Seah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(98)00124-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.72.4.2343-2350.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/322042"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/003655401300077144"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/314073"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.2.672-678.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(01)00436-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2004.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.172.1.116-124.1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.16.2.319-354.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","first-page":"553","article-title":"Effects of infection with atypical mycobacteria on BCG vaccination and tuberculosis","volume":"94","author":"Palmer C. 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