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Here, we show that mice survived epidemics as adults only if exposed to lethal orthopoxvirus infections during infancy under the umbrella of maternal protective antibodies. This implies that both the absence of exposure to infection during early infancy or of effective vaccination renders the population highly susceptible to new or old re\u2010emerging pathogens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200939371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,29]],"date-time":"2009-10-29T20:34:10Z","timestamp":1256848450000},"page":"113-116","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Long\u2010lasting immunity by early infection of maternal\u2010antibody\u2010protected infants"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Alexander A.","family":"Navarini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malgorzata","family":"Krzyzowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl S.","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edit","family":"Horvath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Hengartner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marek G.","family":"Niemialtowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rolf M.","family":"Zinkernagel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.1949.4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","first-page":"11","article-title":"Mousepox in inbred mice innately resistant or susceptible to lethal infection with ectromelia virus. 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