{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T21:23:13Z","timestamp":1791062593198,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,13]],"date-time":"2010-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1263340800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cytokines and CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> Th cells play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Among the Th populations, Th\u20101 and Th\u201017 have been described as pathogenic in collagen\u2010induced arthritis (CIA) whereas Th\u20102 and Treg were found to have protective effects. The objective of this study was to examine the affect of Natura\u2010\u03b1, a newly developed cytokine regulator, on CIA and on Th cell development. Natura\u2010\u03b1 treatment was administered before or during arthritis induction. Anti\u2010type II collagen antibodies and cytokine expression were evaluated by ELISA. Emergence of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD25<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>Foxp3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells was assessed by flow cytometry. Th\u201017 differentiation of naive CD4 T cells was assessed in cultures with anti\u2010CD3 and anti\u2010CD28. We showed that Natura\u2010\u03b1 both prevented and treated CIA. We further demonstrated that <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> treatment with Natura\u2010\u03b1 inhibited IL\u201017 production and anti\u2010type II collagen IgG development. We showed <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>, using an APC\u2010free system, that Natura\u2010\u03b1 acted directly on differentiating T cells and inhibiting the formation of Th\u20101 and Th\u201017 cells but did not affect Th\u20102 cells. Since Natura\u2010\u03b1 inhibits a large spectrum of important pathogenic factors in CIA, it may provide a new and powerful approach to the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200939566","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,13]],"date-time":"2010-01-13T16:14:07Z","timestamp":1263399247000},"page":"460-469","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Treatment of collagen\u2010induced arthritis by Natura\u2010\u03b1 <i>via<\/i> regulation of Th\u20101\/Th\u201017 responses"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Simon","family":"Glatigny","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie\u2010Agn\u00e8s","family":"Blaton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon K.","family":"Mencher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvie","family":"Mistou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Lucas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Fournier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Long G.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilles","family":"Chiocchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-200404000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","first-page":"26","article-title":"Experimental arthritis in a nonhuman primate. 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