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Although activation of iNKT cells appears critical for regulation of immune responses, it remains elusive whether protection against intracellular bacteria can be induced by \u03b1\u2010GalCer. Here, we show that \u03b1\u2010GalCer treatment ameliorates murine listeriosis, and inhibits inflammation following\n                    <jats:italic>Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection. Liver infiltration of Gr\u20101\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells and \u03b3\/\u03b4 T cells was accelerated by \u03b1\u2010GalCer treatment. Gr\u20101\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cell and \u03b3\/\u03b4 T\u2010cell depletion exacerbated listeriosis in \u03b1\u2010GalCer\u2010treated mice, and this effect was more pronounced after depletion of Gr\u20101\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells than that of \u03b3\/\u03b4 T cells. Although GM\u2010CSF and IL\u201017 were secreted by NKT cells after \u03b1\u2010GalCer treatment, liver infiltration of Gr\u20101\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells was not prevented by neutralizing mAb. In parallel to the numerical increase of CD11b\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    Gr\u20101\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells in the liver following \u03b1\u2010GalCer treatment, CD11b\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    Gr\u20101\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells were numerically reduced in the bone marrow. In addition, respiratory burst in Gr\u20101\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells was enhanced by \u03b1\u2010GalCer treatment. Our results indicate that \u03b1\u2010GalCer\u2010induced antibacterial immunity is caused, in part, by accelerated infiltration of Gr\u20101\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells and to a lesser degree of \u03b3\/\u03b4 T cells into the liver. We also suggest that the infiltration of Gr\u20101\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells is caused by an accelerated supply from the bone marrow.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200939594","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,16]],"date-time":"2010-02-16T08:45:54Z","timestamp":1266309954000},"page":"1328-1341","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Retracted: \u03b1\u2010GalCer ameliorates listeriosis by accelerating infiltration of Gr\u20101\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    cells into the liver"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Masashi","family":"Emoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiko","family":"Emoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Izumi","family":"Yoshizawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eiji","family":"Kita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takamitsu","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Hurwitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Volker","family":"Brinkmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan H. 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