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It is generally believed that exhaustion is a consequence of the accumulation of multiple inhibitory receptors on CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells that makes them dysfunctional. Here, we show that during human chronic HIV\u20101 infection, a CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2010cell positive costimulatory pathway mediated by DNAX\u2010activating molecule\u20101 is also disrupted. Thus, DNAX\u2010activating molecule\u20101 downregulation on CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells aggravates the impairment of CTL effector function in chronic HIV\u20101 infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200940234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,3]],"date-time":"2010-03-03T20:20:23Z","timestamp":1267647623000},"page":"949-954","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Loss of DNAM\u20101 contributes to CD8<sup>+<\/sup> T\u2010cell exhaustion in chronic HIV\u20101 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