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Here, we show that 2\u00b0 infections of mice that received different 1\u00b0 infections and\/or immunizations generated similar numbers of 2\u00b0 effector and memory CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells. Remarkably, this result was independent of the numbers and phenotype of 1\u00b0 memory CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells present at the time of rechallenge. However, after adoptive transfer of low numbers of 1\u00b0 memory CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells, a linear correlation between 1\u00b0 memory CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2010cell input and 2\u00b0 memory CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2010cell numbers was observed. These data suggest that, above a very low threshold, boosting of 1\u00b0 memory CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2010cell populations elicits 2\u00b0 immune responses of similar magnitude. Therefore, our study has important implications for the design of prime\u2010boost regimens that aim to generate protective CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2010cell\u2010mediated immunity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201040310","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,21]],"date-time":"2010-04-21T17:10:25Z","timestamp":1271869825000},"page":"1916-1926","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Modulating numbers and phenotype of CD8<sup>+<\/sup> T cells in secondary immune responses"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Thomas C.","family":"Wirth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John T.","family":"Harty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vladimir P.","family":"Badovinac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni804"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80469-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0805452105"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni889"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2007.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20021910"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2251"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/87720"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1175455"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2008.12.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1257"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0901203"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.1.53"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2007.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.3.1665","article-title":"During viral infection of the respiratory tract, CD27, 4\u20101BB, and OX40 collectively determine formation of CD8+memory T cells and their capacity for secondary expansion","volume":"175","author":"Hendriks J.","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. 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