{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T14:14:25Z","timestamp":1789913665769,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,9]],"date-time":"2010-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1278633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cutaneous leishmaniasis produces open sores that lead to scarring and disfiguration. We have reported that vaccination of C57BL\/6 mice with live <jats:italic>Leishmania major<\/jats:italic> plus CpG DNA (Lm\/CpG) prevents lesion development and provides long\u2010term immunity. Our current study aims to characterize the components of the adaptive immune response that are unique to Lm\/CpG. We find that this vaccine enhances the proliferation of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> Th17 cells, which contrasts with the highly polarized Th1 response caused by <jats:italic>L. major<\/jats:italic> alone; the Th17 response is dependent upon release of vaccine\u2010induced IL\u20106. Neutralization of IFN\u2010\u03b3 and, in particular, IL\u201017 caused increased parasite burdens in Lm\/CpG\u2010vaccinated mice. IL\u201017R\u2010deficient Lm\/CpG\u2010vaccinated mice develop lesions, and display decreased IL\u201017 and IFN\u2010\u03b3, despite normal IL\u201012, production. Neutrophil accumulation is also decreased in the IL\u201017R\u2010deficient Lm\/CpG\u2010vaccinated mice but Treg numbers are augmented. Our data demonstrate that activation of immune cells through CpG DNA, in the presence of live <jats:italic>L. major<\/jats:italic>, causes the specific induction of Th17 cells, which enhances the development of a protective cellular immunity against the parasite. Our study also demonstrates that vaccines combining live pathogens with immunomodulatory molecules may strikingly modify the natural immune response to infection in an alternative manner to that induced by killed or subunit vaccines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201040484","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,9]],"date-time":"2010-07-09T17:08:09Z","timestamp":1278695289000},"page":"2517-2527","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["A live <i>Leishmania major<\/i> vaccine containing CpG motifs induces the <i>de novo<\/i> generation of Th17 cells in C57BL\/6 mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Wenhui","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Mendez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-118-10-199305150-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2004.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.61.1.220-226.1993","article-title":"Persistence of virulent Leishmania major in murine cutaneous leishmaniasis: a possible hazard for the host","volume":"61","author":"Aebischer T.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Infect. 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