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Using immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry, we analyzed in the mouse the initial innate immune response that follows intranasal inoculation of <jats:italic>Brucella abortus<\/jats:italic>. Bacteria were absent from parenchymal dendritic cells (DC) but present in alveolar macrophages in which they replicated. When the number of alveolar macrophages was reduced prior to <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> infection, small numbers of pulmonary DC were infected and a massive recruitment of TNF\u2010\u03b1\u2010 and iNOS\u2010producing DC ensued. Coincidentally, <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> disseminated to the lung\u2010draining mediastinal lymph nodes (LN) where they replicated in both migratory DC and migratory alveolar macrophages. Together, these results demonstrate that alveolar macrophages are critical regulators of the initial innate immune response against <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> within the lungs and show that pulmonary DC and alveolar macrophages play rather distinct roles in the control of microbial burden.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201040497","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,5]],"date-time":"2010-10-05T14:21:45Z","timestamp":1286288505000},"page":"3458-3471","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Contrasting roles of macrophages and dendritic cells in controlling initial pulmonary <i>Brucella<\/i> infection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Cristel","family":"Archambaud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzana P.","family":"Salcedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugues","family":"Lelouard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Devilard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"de Bovis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nico","family":"Van Rooijen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean\u2010Pierre","family":"Gorvel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Malissen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2236"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2008.39"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.3.1609"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.4.2161"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.9.5861"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI39717"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.2003.01609.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.a.20064"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2008.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.16.1.65-78.2003","article-title":"Molecular host\u2010pathogen interaction in brucellosis: current understanding and future approaches to vaccine development for mice and humans","volume":"16","author":"Ko J.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. 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