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We show that B7\u2010H1<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> mice exhibit exacerbated proteoglycan (PG)\u2010induced arthritis and increased Th\u20101 CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2010cell responses. Unexpectedly, the PG\u2010specific antibody response in B7\u2010H1<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> mice was diminished. A reduction in the number of peanut agglutinin<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> GC coincided with a decrease in CD19<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> GL\u20107<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> CD95<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> GC B cells that was a result of increased caspase\u2010induced apoptosis. The percent of CD38<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> CD138<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> emerging plasma cells was decreased. B7\u2010H1<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> mice exhibited an increased frequency of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> PD\u20101<jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup> CXCR5<jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup> ICOS<jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup> CD62L<jats:sup>lo<\/jats:sup> T follicular helper cells that displayed a hyperactive phenotype with increased expression of mRNA transcripts for Bcl6, IL\u201021, and the apoptosis\u2010inducer molecule FasL. In cell transfer of B7\u2010H1<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> cells into SCID mice, non\u2010B and non\u2010T cells were sufficient to normalize the antibody response, T\u2010cell hyperactivity, and the development of PG\u2010induced arthritis. These findings indicate that B7\u2010H1 on non\u2010B and non\u2010T cells signals through PD\u20101 on T effector cells to prevent excessive activation and reduce autoimmune arthritis. Furthermore, these findings demonstrate a novel role for B7\u2010H1 expression in promoting B\u2010cell survival by regulating the activation of T follicular helper cell.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201040690","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,17]],"date-time":"2010-08-17T19:17:52Z","timestamp":1282072672000},"page":"3117-3127","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["B7\u2010H1 expression on non\u2010B and non\u2010T cells promotes distinct effects on T\u2010 and B\u2010cell responses in autoimmune arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Keith 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