{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T16:57:04Z","timestamp":1776877024561,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,18]],"date-time":"2011-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1295308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The appearance of group 1 CD1 proteins (CD1a, CD1b and CD1c) on maturing myeloid DC is a key event that converts myeloid DC to effective lipid APC. Here, we show that <jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>, the causative agent of Lyme disease, triggers appearance of group 1 CD1 proteins at high density on the surface of human myeloid DC during infection. Within human skin, CD1b and CD1c expression was low or absent prior to infection, but increased significantly after experimental infections and in erythema migrans lesions from Lyme disease patients. The induction of CD1 was initiated by borrelial lipids acting through TLR\u20102 within minutes, but required 3 days for maximum effect. The delay in CD1 protein appearance involved a multi\u2010step process whereby TLR\u20102 stimulated cells release soluble factors, which are sufficient to transfer the CD1\u2010inducing effect in trans to other cells. Analysis of these soluble factors identified IL\u20101\u03b2 as a previously unknown pathway leading to group 1 CD1 protein function. This study establishes that upregulation of group 1 CD1 proteins is an early event in <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> infection and suggests a stepwise mechanism whereby bacterial cell walls, TLR activation and cytokine release cause DC precursors to express group 1 CD1 proteins.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201040808","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,9]],"date-time":"2010-12-09T12:12:28Z","timestamp":1291896748000},"page":"694-705","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["<i>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/i> infection regulates CD1 expression in human cells and tissues via IL1\u2010\u03b2"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Konstantin","family":"Yakimchuk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carme","family":"Roura\u2010Mir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelly G.","family":"Magalhaes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annemieke","family":"de Jong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne G.","family":"Kasmar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott R.","family":"Granter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ralph","family":"Budd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allen","family":"Steere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Pena\u2010Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carsten","family":"Kirschning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tan\u2010Yun","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. Branch","family":"Moody","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1605"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-69511-0_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-79311-5_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830190211"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1115301"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.22.012703.104538"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1368"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/341447a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0804681105"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/360593a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.3.1758"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2004.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-07-099549"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2008.02842.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1246"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2009.05.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3582","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.7.3582","article-title":"Down\u2010regulation of CD1 on antigen\u2010presenting cells by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"161","author":"Stenger S.","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.9.4797"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.9.5681"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0810519105"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1380"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1267"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2998","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.157.7.2998","article-title":"Human dendritic cells phagocytose and process Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"157","author":"Filgueira L.","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.5.2660"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/592279"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01077-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.5.2382"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.6.3773"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2005.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.6.3195-3203.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.3.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI20762"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1391"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80086-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1113319"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1112304"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0907629"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(00)01146-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01078-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.021908.132715"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04515"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2725"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7601378"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.11.7147"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0900173"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/323540a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.179.4.1109"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/SQB.1989.054.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(94)00152-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200839115"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2008.01177.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01039-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000444"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/smim.1998.0139"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03407"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03408"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2003.08.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2009.03.510"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2002.02758.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.192.7.965"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Feji.201040808","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/eji.201040808","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T02:34:55Z","timestamp":1697510095000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/eji.201040808"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,18]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/eji.201040808"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eji.201040808","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-2980","1521-4141"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-2980","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-4141","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,18]]}}}