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Streamers appear before cells are killed and contain opsonizing mAbs and membrane lipids. By exploiting the differential Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>requirements of discrete steps in the complement cascade, we determined that mAb\u2010opsonized cells first tagged with C3b using C5\u2010depleted serum are killed on addition of serum and EDTA, but the cells do not produce streamers. Also, cells first opsonized with OFA are lysed in serum containing Mg\u2010EGTA by the alternative complement pathway but streamers are not produced. These findings indicate that Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>influx is necessary for streamer formation. Other mAbs that promote complement\u2010mediated cytolysis also induce streamers on target cells. Streamer\u2010like structures called nanotubes have been reported in several cellular systems, and are thought to promote intercellular communication\/signaling. We tested whether this signaling could influence the susceptibility of neighboring cells contacted by streamers to complement attack and found that complement\u2010mediated cytolysis of OFA\u2010opsonized cells increases the resistance of unopsonized indicator cell populations to subsequent lysis when these cells are exposed to OFA and complement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201041204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,15]],"date-time":"2011-06-15T07:02:53Z","timestamp":1308121373000},"page":"2436-2446","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Penetration of antibody\u2010opsonized cells by the membrane attack complex of complement promotes Ca<sup>2+<\/sup>influx and induces streamers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Paul V.","family":"Beum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margaret A.","family":"Lindorfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth M.","family":"Peek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P. 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