{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T15:34:45Z","timestamp":1771342485424,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,26]],"date-time":"2011-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1316995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The relevance of direct inflammatory signals (signal 3) for the activation of memory CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells during recall responses is so far unknown. We therefore investigated the direct impact of IL\u201012 and type I IFN on the formation, recall potential and protective capacity of memory T cells. Using CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells deficient for IL\u201012 or type I IFN receptors in an adoptive transfer system, we generated memory populations after infection with vaccinia virus, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus or <jats:italic>Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>. The results demonstrate that in the absence of signal 3 cytokines during primary infection, functional memory T cells were formed. After retransfer into na\u00efve mice, signal 3\u2010deficient memory T cells were able to specifically lyse target cells in vivo under non\u2010infectious conditions. However, after reinfection, secondary effector CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells lacking signal 3 were impaired in expansion and protective capacity dependent on the nature of the pathogen. We conclude that memory CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells depend on a signal 3 for expansion, independent of signals obtained during priming, thereby being influenced by the pathogen\u2010induced inflammatory milieu during secondary infection. In summary, our results reveal an essential role for direct inflammatory cytokine signaling in secondary T\u2010cell responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201141537","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,10]],"date-time":"2011-08-10T09:32:36Z","timestamp":1312968756000},"page":"3176-3186","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Signal 3 requirement for memory CD8<sup>+<\/sup> T\u2010cell activation is determined by the infectious pathogen"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Selina J.","family":"Keppler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Aichele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(02)01139-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.283.5408.1745"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20071641"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.2.777"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.10.010","article-title":"The mTOR kinase determines effector versus memory CD8+T cell fate by regulating the expression of transcription factors T\u2010bet and Eomesodermin","volume":"32","author":"Rao R. 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