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To dissect the bystander impact of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>\u03c6s infected with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>tb on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DC<\/jats:styled-content> functionality, we here investigated changes in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DC<\/jats:styled-content> phenotype, cytokine profiles, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 transinfecting ability. An in vitro system was used in which human monocyte\u2010derived <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DC<\/jats:styled-content>s were exposed to soluble factors released by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>\u03c6s infected with mycobacteria, including virulent clinical <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>tb isolates and nonvirulent BCG. Soluble factors secreted from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>tb\u2010infected <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>\u03c6s, and to a lesser extent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCG<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>\u03c6s, resulted in the production of proinflammatory cytokines and partial upregulation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DC<\/jats:styled-content> maturation markers. Interestingly, the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 transinfecting ability of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DC<\/jats:styled-content>s was enhanced upon exposure to soluble factors released by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>tb\u2010infected <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>\u03c6s. In summary, our study shows that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DC<\/jats:styled-content>s exposed to soluble factors released by mycobacteria\u2010infected <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>\u03c6s undergo maturation and display an augmented ability to transmit <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 in trans. These findings highlight the important role of bystander effects during the course of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>tb\u2013<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> coinfection and suggest that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>tb\u2010infected <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>\u03c6s may contribute to an environment that supports <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010mediated spread and amplification of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> in coinfected individuals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201142049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,26]],"date-time":"2012-04-26T18:49:03Z","timestamp":1335466143000},"page":"1192-1202","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Mycobacteria\u2010infected bystander macrophages trigger maturation of dendritic cells and enhance their ability to mediate <scp>HIV<\/scp> transinfection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Jolanta","family":"Mazurek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control  Solna Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lech","family":"Ignatowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control  Solna Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunilla","family":"K\u00e4llenius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science and Education Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianne","family":"Jansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine Lund University  Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrzej","family":"Pawlowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science and Education Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/651492"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"550","article-title":"HIV\u2010TB co\u2010infection: epidemiology, diagnosis & management","volume":"121","author":"Sharma S. 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