{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T12:23:30Z","timestamp":1791289410311,"version":"4.3.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,26]],"date-time":"2012-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1335398400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Heilongjiang Provincial Innovation Found for Postgraduates","award":["YJSCX2011-324HLJ"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YJSCX2011-324HLJ"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Nature Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81000511"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81000511"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Nature Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81000536"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81000536"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Nature Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["30901330"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["30901330"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Nature Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81100883"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81100883"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["20100480062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20100480062"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["20100471094"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20100471094"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Harbin Medical University Cell Biological Engineering Center","award":["1151gzx05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1151gzx05"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"abstract":"The adenosineA<\/jats:styled-content>2A<\/jats:styled-content>receptor (A<\/jats:styled-content>2AR<\/jats:styled-content>) is the major cellular adenosine receptor commonly associated with immunosuppression. Here, we investigated whetherA<\/jats:styled-content>2AR<\/jats:styled-content>activation holds the potential for impacting the severity of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG<\/jats:styled-content>) induced following immunization ofL<\/jats:styled-content>ewis rats with the acetylcholine receptor (AC<\/jats:styled-content>hR<\/jats:styled-content>)R<\/jats:styled-content>97\u2013116 peptide. This report demonstrates reducedA<\/jats:styled-content>2AR<\/jats:styled-content>expression by bothT<\/jats:styled-content>cells andB<\/jats:styled-content>cells residing in spleen and lymph nodes followingEAMG<\/jats:styled-content>induction.A<\/jats:styled-content>2AR<\/jats:styled-content>stimulation inhibited anti\u2010AC<\/jats:styled-content>hR<\/jats:styled-content>antibody production and proliferation ofAC<\/jats:styled-content>hR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010specific lymphocytes in vitro. Inhibition was blocked with theA<\/jats:styled-content>2AR<\/jats:styled-content>antagonists or protein kinaseA<\/jats:styled-content>inhibitor. We also determined that the development ofEAMG<\/jats:styled-content>was accompanied by aT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010helper cell imbalance that could be restored followingA<\/jats:styled-content>2AR<\/jats:styled-content>stimulation that resulted in increasedT<\/jats:styled-content>reg cell levels and a reduction inT<\/jats:styled-content>h1\u2010,T<\/jats:styled-content>h2\u2010, andT<\/jats:styled-content>h17\u2010cell subtypes. AnEAMG<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010preventive treatment regimen was established that consisted of (2\u2010(p\u2010(2\u2010carbonylethyl)phenylethylamino)\u20105\u2010N\u2010ethylcarboxamidoadenosine) (CG<\/jats:styled-content>S21680;A<\/jats:styled-content>2AR<\/jats:styled-content>agonist) administration 1 day prior toEAMG<\/jats:styled-content>induction. Administration ofCG<\/jats:styled-content>S21680 29 days postEAMG<\/jats:styled-content>induction (therapeutic treatment) also ameliorated disease severity. We conclude thatA<\/jats:styled-content>2AR<\/jats:styled-content>agonists may represent a new class of compounds that can be developed for use in the treatment of myasthenia gravis or otherT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010cell\u2010 andB<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010cell\u2010mediated autoimmune diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201142088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,26]],"date-time":"2012-04-26T18:49:03Z","timestamp":1335466143000},"page":"1140-1151","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Activation of the adenosine A2A receptor attenuates experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis severity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Na","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology Harbin Medical University Provincial Key Lab of Neurobiology Harbin Medical University Heilongjiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology Harbin Medical University Provincial Key Lab of Neurobiology Harbin Medical University Heilongjiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinghua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology Harbin Medical University Provincial Key Lab of Neurobiology Harbin Medical University Heilongjiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology Harbin Medical University Provincial Key Lab of Neurobiology Harbin Medical University Heilongjiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology Harbin Medical University Provincial Key Lab of Neurobiology Harbin Medical University Heilongjiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingfei","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology Harbin Medical University Provincial Key Lab of Neurobiology Harbin Medical University Heilongjiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology Harbin Medical University Provincial Key Lab of Neurobiology Harbin Medical University Heilongjiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiuhua","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology Harbin Medical University Provincial Key Lab of Neurobiology Harbin Medical University Heilongjiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology Harbin Medical University Provincial Key Lab of Neurobiology Harbin Medical University Heilongjiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lihua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology the Second Affiliated Clinic College of Harbin Medical University Heilongjiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangyou","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology Harbin Medical University Provincial Key Lab of Neurobiology Harbin Medical University Heilongjiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dandan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology Harbin Medical University Provincial Key Lab of Neurobiology Harbin Medical University Heilongjiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lianhong","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology Harbin Medical University Heilongjiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology Harbin Medical University Provincial Key Lab of Neurobiology Harbin Medical University Heilongjiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hulun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology Harbin Medical University Provincial Key Lab of Neurobiology Harbin Medical University Heilongjiang China"},{"name":"Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment Heilongjiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200939914"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri916"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/301611a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.4.2697"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.186.3.385"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.1.97"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"2487","article-title":"IL\u201012 is involved in the induction of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis, an antibody\u2010mediated disease. Eur","volume":"28","author":"Moiola L.","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.11.7072"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1254.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-11-3900"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200939792"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.07.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09978"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2009.03089.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/414916a"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.22.012703.104731"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1103"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2638"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-895X(24)12188-8","article-title":"Patterns of A2A extracellular adenosine receptor expression in different functional subsets of human peripheral T cells. Flow cytometry studies with anti\u2010A2A receptor monoclonal antibodies","volume":"55","author":"Koshiba M.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-2952(03)00158-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.79.23.7542"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31821ccce4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0711175105"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200838437"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ken182"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.7.4240"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.22256"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.2.1073"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.10325"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4598(199705)20:5<543::AID-MUS2>3.0.CO;2-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2007.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V90.4.1600"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-03-081646"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0901247"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.08-107458"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2009.00848.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200838729"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1807"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Feji.201142088","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/eji.201142088","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T19:37:43Z","timestamp":1743017863000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/eji.201142088"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,26]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/eji.201142088"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eji.201142088","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-2980","1521-4141"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-2980","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-4141","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,26]]}}}