{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,23]],"date-time":"2023-09-23T13:16:55Z","timestamp":1695475015484},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,25]],"date-time":"2012-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1343174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"abstract":"It is not yet clear whether immature NK<\/jats:styled-content> (iNK<\/jats:styled-content>) cells are bystanders to or rather participate in immune responses to pathogens that may colocalize in areas of NK<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010cell maturation such as bone marrow or lymph nodes. Mycobacteria, including B<\/jats:styled-content>acillus C<\/jats:styled-content>almette\u2010G<\/jats:styled-content>uerin (BCG<\/jats:styled-content>), have been shown to interact with peripheral NK<\/jats:styled-content> cells and in vivo may colocalize in areas of iNK<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010cell development. We studied infection with BCG<\/jats:styled-content> of human cord blood CD<\/jats:styled-content>34+<\/jats:sup>L<\/jats:styled-content>in\u2212<\/jats:sup>\u2010derived cultures containing myelomonocytes and iNK<\/jats:styled-content> cells in vitro. Increased iNK<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010cell DNAM<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 expression, transient natural cytotoxicity receptor modulation, and production of IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b3 were observed. Transcriptional receptor modulation was associated to BCG<\/jats:styled-content> challenge, which determined increased iNK<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010cell cytotoxic activity against tumor cell lines and also increased killing of immature dendritic cells (iDC<\/jats:styled-content>s). No requirement for cell contact was recorded for BCG<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced iNK<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010cell activation, while cytokine production including IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201018, IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010, GM<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010CSF<\/jats:styled-content>, and TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b2 contributed to the observed effects. Thus, iNK<\/jats:styled-content> cells are affected by mycobacteria in vitro and may contribute to shaping of adaptive mature innate responses through iDC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010iNK<\/jats:styled-content> cross\u2010talk. In addition, iNK<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010cell activation by BCG<\/jats:styled-content> may represent a novel additional mechanism contributing to the effects observed upon BCG<\/jats:styled-content> administration in vivo.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201242375","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,27]],"date-time":"2012-06-27T07:09:48Z","timestamp":1340780988000},"page":"2459-2470","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Receptor modulation and functional activation of human CD<\/scp>34+<\/sup>L<\/scp>in\u2212<\/sup>\u2010derived immature NK<\/scp> cells in vitro by M<\/scp>ycobacterium bovis<\/i>B<\/scp>acillus C<\/scp>almette\u2010G<\/scp>uerin (BCG<\/scp>)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Francesco","family":"Marras","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"G. 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