{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T02:57:43Z","timestamp":1789181863854,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,3]],"date-time":"2012-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1343952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Resistance to murine visceral leishmaniasis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VL<\/jats:styled-content>) correlates with the development of an <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b3 predominant immune response. Beta1,4\u2010galactose terminal glycans are potent inducers of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFN<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u2010\u03b3. Here, we demonstrate the efficacy of a 29 kDa \u03b21,4\u2010galactose terminal glycoprotein (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GP<\/jats:styled-content>29) of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">L<\/jats:styled-content>eishmania donovani<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LD<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>) in an in vitro macrophage model and an in vivo mouse model of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VL<\/jats:styled-content>. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GP<\/jats:styled-content>29 induced splenic macrophages to release <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NO<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROS<\/jats:styled-content> in appreciable amounts that resulted in effective parasite clearance from macrophages. This was associated with the toll\u2010like receptor (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content>)\u20104 mediated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201012 induction and inhibition of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content>2\u2010mediated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010 production. Two subcutaneous injections of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GP<\/jats:styled-content>29 at fortnightly intervals resulted in dominant <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201012\u2010mediated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b3 production and 100% animals were protected against a subsequent challenge with virulent <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LD<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> parasites. Vaccinated mice showed a reversal of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010cell anergy, significantly elevated expression of i<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NOS<\/jats:styled-content> and a type\u20101 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content>g<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content> subclass response. Moreover, vaccinated mice downregulated arginase1 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010 expression but did not alter <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20104 expression. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b3\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010 ratio regulated the intensity of the protective immune response. Experiments with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b3 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010 knockout mice reiterated the role <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b3 play in disease progression or resolution in the murine model of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VL<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201242428","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,23]],"date-time":"2012-05-23T15:25:07Z","timestamp":1337786707000},"page":"2087-2099","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["<scp>TLR<\/scp>\u2010mediated distinct <scp>IFN<\/scp>\u2010\u03b3\/<scp>IL<\/scp>\u201010 pattern induces protective immunity against murine visceral leishmaniasis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Joydeep","family":"Paul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease and Immunology Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Indian Institute of Chemical Biology  Kolkata India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subir","family":"Karmakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease and Immunology Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Indian Institute of Chemical Biology  Kolkata India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tripti","family":"De","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease and Immunology Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Indian Institute of Chemical Biology  Kolkata India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/000349803225002561"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/000349803225002570"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00061-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-777X.62881"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.7.0.14556"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-07-019307"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1246"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2225"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2006.08.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10719-007-9098-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2427(02)00228-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.189.4.741"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.12.7548"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.33.2.498-500.1981","article-title":"Cell\u2010mediated immunity in American visceral leishmaniasis: reversible immunosuppression during acute infection","volume":"33","author":"Carvalho E. 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