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It is believed that JEV manipulates the innate and adaptive compartments of the host's immune system to evade immune response and cross the blood\u2013brain barrier. The present study was thus designed to investigate the functional modulation of DCs after exposure to JEV and to assess the consequences on CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2010lymphocyte functions. Human monocyte\u2010derived DCs were either infected with 1 MOI of live virus, UV\u2010inactivated virus, or were mock\u2010infected. Replication\u2010competent JEV induced a significant increase in the expression of maturation markers 48 h postinfection, along with that of programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD\u2010L1; also called B7\u2010H1 and CD274). JEV\u2010infected DCs expanded the Treg cells in allogenic mixed lymphocyte reactions. The expansion of Treg cells by JEV\u2010infected DCs was significantly reduced upon blocking PD\u2010L1 using an antagonist. In addition, JEV\u2010infected DCs significantly altered the proliferation and reduced the polarization of Th cells toward the Th1\u2010cell phenotype. The results, for the first time, suggest that JEV evades the host's immune system by modulating the crosstalk between DCs and T lymphocytes via the PD\u2010L1 axis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201343701","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,12]],"date-time":"2014-02-12T12:21:20Z","timestamp":1392207680000},"page":"1363-1374","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Japanese encephalitis virus expands regulatory T\u00a0cells by increasing the expression of PD\u2010L1 on dendritic cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Nimesh","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers INSERM  UMR S 1138 Paris France"},{"name":"Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers Universit\u00e9 Pierre et Marie Curie\u2010Paris 6  UMR S 1138 Paris France"},{"name":"Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes  UMR S 1138 Paris 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